Musculoskeletal system- Joint infections

Question 1

infections in the fluid and tissues of a joint mostly by bacteria, or less common organisms like fungus, viruses, and others

Answer 1

Infectious (Septic) arthritis

Question 2

begins quickly & cartilage can be destroyed within hours or days- affects even healthy people ; causes pain, fever, fluid causes swelling

Answer 2

Acute infectious arthritis

Question 3

is less common- begins gradually over several weeks & most often affects people who have risk factors- less pain and swelling

Answer 3

Chronic infectious arthritis

Question 4

most common cause of joint infection- 70%

Answer 4

S. aureus

Question 5

most frequent cause of infection in young adults under 30 years

Answer 5

N gonorrhoeae

Question 6

happens in a person who becomes infected with Neisseria gonorrhoea, sexually, but does not receive early treatment

Answer 6

Gonococcal arthritis

Question 7

Gonorrhoeal infection that spreads from primary area of infection throughout the body

Answer 7

disseminated gonococcal infection

Question 8

Criteria for adding selective media for GC like NYC or TM

Answer 8

-if requested by the physician
-or if gndc seen in the direct specimen gram

Question 9

a selective enriched media for the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoea

Answer 9

Thayer Martin Agar

Question 10

Components of TM agar:
-MHA with 5% Sheep blood
-________-> kills most GP
-_________-> kills all GN except Neisseria
-_______-> kills fungi
-________-> inhibits swarming by proteus

Answer 10

-Vancomycin
-Colistin
-Nystatin
-Trimethoprim

Question 11

infection post surgery due to wound that does not heal or gets infected and bacteria spreads into the blood
-risk factors include: second joint replacement at the same site, a prior infection of a current prosthetic, immunosuppression, diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 11

Prosthetic joint infection

Question 12

makes the prosthetic joint infection difficult to treat;
-bacteria attach to solid surface of artificial joint make a glycocalyx biofilm which acts as a shield, hiding the bacteria from immune system & antibiotics

Answer 12

Biofilm formation

Question 13

Prosthetic joint infection which occurs less than 3 months after surgery; caused by:
-S _______
-An
-Pol _______

Answer 13

Early onset
-S aureus
-Anaerobes
-Polymicrobial infection

Question 14

Prosthetic joint infection which occurs 3-12 months after surgery; caused by:
-Co _______ _________
-Pr ________
-En _________

Answer 14

Delayed onset
-Coagulase Negative Staph
-Proprionibacterium species
-Enterococci species

Question 15

Prosthetic joint infection which occurs greater than 12 months after surgery; caused by:
-S a______
-G N_____ ______
-Be H_____ ______

Answer 15

Late onset
-S. aureus
-Gram Negative Bacilli
-Beta Hemolytic Streptococci

Question 16

a rare type of inflammatory arthritis due to an autoimmune response triggered by an infection in the intestines, genitals, or urinary tracts

Answer 16

Reactive Arthritis

Question 17

Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Mycoplasma hominis
Ureaplasma urealyticum

Answer 17

Organisms infecting Genitourinary tract that can cause RA

Question 18

Salmonella enteritis
Shigella flexneri
dysenteriae
Yersinia enterolitica
Campylobacter jejuni
Clostridium difficile

Answer 18

Organisms infecting GI tract that can cause RA

Question 19

Question 20

Question 21

Question 22