SSN Embryology 2013

Question 1

Hox letters mean

Answer 1

different clusters, on different chromosomes

Question 2

Hox genes with same same number, different letter is called

Answer 2

paralogs

Question 3

Lower Hox number means

Answer 3

more rostral (higher up)

Question 4

there are ____ hox clusters, and ____ paralogs

Answer 4

four, thirteen

Question 5

hox genes are induced progressively during

Answer 5

gastrulation

Question 6

Shh-KO single mutant has

Answer 6

too few fingers

Question 7

Gli alone makes

Answer 7

one or no fingers

Question 8

Shh-gli double knockout has

Answer 8

many fingers

Question 9

abnormal carpals (wrist) and hypoplasia of thumb

Answer 9

Holt-oram, Tbx5 mutation

Question 10

Who does crosstalk?

Answer 10

AER and ZPA, dorsal ectoderm and ZPA

Question 11

Who does not crosstalk?

Answer 11

AER and dorsal ectoderm

Question 12

A-P hand identity (thumb to pink) regulated by

Answer 12

SHH

Question 13

Highest Shh concentration in hand?

Answer 13

pinky!

Question 14

absence of cranial bones caused by?

Answer 14

Twist knock-out

Question 15

increased affinity of RANKL for OPG would cause

Answer 15

increased bone mass and anemia

Question 16

Blimp1 inhibits cMyc so sebocyte progenitors

Answer 16

don’t differentiate

Question 17

hair growth phases: anagen

Answer 17

still growing

Question 18

hair growth phases: catagen

Answer 18

breakdown/regression

Question 19

hair growth phases: telogen

Answer 19

resting

Question 20

to initiate anagen, dermal papilla cells signal

Answer 20

bulb stem cell region

Question 21

intraembryontic coelum becomes

Answer 21

peroniteal, paricardial, and pleural cavities

Question 22

Without hippo

Answer 22

epiblast can’t form!

Question 23

best AER model?

Answer 23

2 signal: retionic acid for proximal (dominant), and FGF/Wnt kick in distal, as ret gradient fades

Question 24

stylopod

Answer 24

proximal, single

Question 25

zeugopod

Answer 25

middle, two

Question 26

autopod

Answer 26

distal, many

Question 27

AFT4 in endochondral oss. Sequence

Answer 27

last, after VEGF, RunX

Question 28

are fibroblasts in the epidermis?

Answer 28

hell no.

Question 29

epidermolysis bullose defects in what junctions?

Answer 29

adherens

Question 30

factor for midbrain patterning

Answer 30

Wnt

Question 31

tongue: nerve from PA 1 does

Answer 31

sensation

Question 32

tongue: nerve from PA 2 does

Answer 32

taste

Question 33

tongue: nerve from PA3 does

Answer 33

sensation and taste

Question 34

tongue: contribute endodermal surfaces

Answer 34

PA 1,3,4

Question 35

do placodes develop into endocrine glands?

Answer 35

No!

Question 36

what provides a permissive cue in limb patterning?

Answer 36

AER (Wnt is cue)

Question 37

GABAergic neurons born in medial ganglionic eminence migrate how?

Answer 37

tangential migration

Question 38

primary palate is made of

Answer 38

medial nasal and maxillary processes

Question 39

apelin lacz

Answer 39

won’t work: stains only cells currently expressing apelin

Question 40

apelin lacz over time

Answer 40

won’t work: secreted factors can diffuse and induce apelin expression in mulitple cell populations from different lineages

Question 41

VE caherin-flox-stop-flox-lacz

Answer 41

can be a lineage marker because only isolated cell cluster and true descendents will stain positive for lacz

Question 42

brainbow mouse

Answer 42

ideal for lineage analysis, since you can follow multiple cells regardless of how closely positioned they are/