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MM Development > Signals > Flashcards

Signals Flashcards

1
Q

apoptosis: death

A

BMP, TNFalpha, FAS ligand, TRAIL

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2
Q

initiate sympathetic neuronal development

A

BMP from aorta

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3
Q

specify embryonic epidermal fate from neuroectoderm

A

BMP, Wnt

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4
Q

specify stratified epidermis from embryonic epidermis

A

BMP, Notch

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5
Q

apoptosis: survival

A

FGF

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6
Q

maintain caudal growth, segment rostral

A

FGF and Wnt gradient from caudal end

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7
Q

limb initiation

A

FGF and Wnt

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8
Q

Proximal-distal limb patterning

A

FGF from AER

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9
Q

limb outgrowth

A

FGF from AER

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10
Q

specify neuronal fate from neuroectoderm

A

FGFs and BMP inhibitors

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11
Q

A/P axis: posterior

A

Nodal and Wnt

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12
Q

A/P axis: anterior

A

nodal and wnt inhibitors (DKK?)

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13
Q

L/R determination

A

nodal flow, nodal and lefty

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14
Q

Initial dorsal/ventral patterning:

A

SHH (from notochord, patterns neural plate)

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15
Q

cause ventral somite to be sclerotome

A

Shh and noggin (BMP inhibitor) from notochord and floor plate

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16
Q

A/P limb patterning

A

SHH from ZPA (more SHH, more posterior)

17
Q

patterning ventral ID in nervous system

A

More SHH ventrally, More BMP dorsally

18
Q

regulate follicle development

A

SHH, Wnt

19
Q

induce dermamyotome

A

Wnt and noggin (from dorsal neural tube), low SHH

20
Q

dorsal/ventral limb patterning: dorsal

A

Wnt and Lmx1

21
Q

separate nonneural ectoderm from neural plate during induction

A

Wnt (paracrine), BMP (from neuroectoderm), FGF (from paraxial mesoderm)

22
Q

specify hair and nails from embryonic epidermis

A

Wnt

23
Q

head formation

A

Lhx1 (from anterior visceral endoderm and axial mesoderm)

24
Q

segmentation clock

A

notch (w/Hes and Lfng)

25
Q

dorsal/ventral limb patterning: ventral

A

En-1 (prevents Wnt)

26
Q

limb outgrowth: forelimb

A

Tbx5

27
Q

limb outgrowth: hindlimb

A

Tbx4

28
Q

patterning posterior ID in hindbrain

A

retinoic acid gradient, more caudal

29
Q

pattern skeleton

A

Hox

30
Q

Chondrocyte differentiation

A

Sox9 (crucial), Sox5 and 6

31
Q

chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy

A

IHH (regulated by Runx)

32
Q

chondrocyte hypertrophy inhibition

A

PTHrP

33
Q

form pre-osteoblast from osteoblast progentior

A

Runx2 and Twist

34
Q

form osteoblast from preosteoblast

A

ATF4

35
Q

activate ATF4

A

Rsk2 kinase

36
Q

stop osteoclast differentiate

A

OPG

37
Q

promote osteoclast differentiation

A

RANKL

38
Q

specify neural plate border

A

Zic, Pax 3 and 7, Dlx5, Msx1 and 2

MM Development (9 decks)

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