Development Signalling Pathway Summary

Question 1

Hedgehog ligands

Answer 1

Shh, Ihh, Dhh

Question 2

Hedgehog receptor

Answer 2

Ptch

Question 3

Hedghog transducer

Answer 3

Smo

Question 4

Hedgehog output

Answer 4

Gli 1,2,3

Question 5

Hedgehog mode

Answer 5

ligand binding inhibits ptch inhibition of Smo, so inihibitory Gli (3) is replaced by stimulatory Gli (1 and 2). Ratio of repressor to activator determines magnitude of output

Question 6

Wnt ligand

Answer 6

20 Wnt

Question 7

Wnt receptor

Answer 7

Frizzled (7)

Question 8

Wnt transducer

Answer 8

Beta catenin

Question 9

Wnt output

Answer 9

beta catenin & TCF/Lef

Question 10

Wnt mode

Answer 10

cytoplasmic s/t phosphorylation complex targets beta catenin for destruction. If lignad binds, beta catenin is not degraded and goes to nucleus

Question 11

TCF/Lef

Answer 11

transcription factor family turned on by beta catenin in the nucleus

Question 12

TGFb/BMP ligands

Answer 12

> 20 TGFb/BMPs

Question 13

TGFb/BMP receptor

Answer 13

Alk1-7

Question 14

TGFb/BMP transducer

Answer 14

Smad

Question 15

TGFb/BMP output

Answer 15

Smad

Question 16

TGFb/BMP mode

Answer 16

lingand binds heterotrimeric S/T kinase receptor, causes phosphorylation of positive Smads, which multimerize with a coSmad and go to nucleus

Question 17

TGFb/BMP stands for

Answer 17

transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenic protein

Question 18

FGF ligand

Answer 18

> 20 FGFs

Question 19

FGF receptor

Answer 19

FGFR1-4

Question 20

FGF transducer

Answer 20

Mapk cascade

Question 21

FGF output

Answer 21

Erk

Question 22

FGF mode

Answer 22

Ligand binding stimulates s/t kinase, leading to recruitment of adapter proteins that initiate s/t Mapk csacade, resulting in Erk which goes to nucleus.

Question 23

MAPKKK cascade

Answer 23

MAPKKK(Ras/Raf cx) → MAPKK (Mek) → MAPK (Erk)

Question 24

FGF stands for

Answer 24

fibroblast growth factor

Question 25

Notch/delta ligand

Answer 25

3-4 delta-like

Question 26

Notch/delta receptor

Answer 26

Notch 1-4

Question 27

Notch/delta transducer

Answer 27

Notch intra

Question 28

Notch/delta output

Answer 28

Cbf1

Question 29

Notch/delta mode

Answer 29

(tehtered) ligand binding leads to intracellular cleavage of N receptor, which translocates to the nucleus and interacts with Cbf1 to regulate target genes

Question 30

RA ligand

Answer 30

retinoic acid

Question 31

RA receptor

Answer 31

RAR/RXR

Question 32

RA transducer

Answer 32

RAR/RXR

Question 33

RA output

Answer 33

RAR/RXR

Question 34

RA mode

Answer 34

A is lipid soluble, freely diffuses, binds nuclera RAR/RXR heterodimers and converts them from repressors to activators

Question 35

RA stands for

Answer 35

retinoic acid

Question 36

Eph/ephrin ligand

Answer 36

ephrin A/b (8)

Question 37

Eph/ephrin receptor

Answer 37

EphA/B (14)

Question 38

Eph/ephrin transducer

Answer 38

MAPK cascade, cytoskeleton

Question 39

Eph/ephrin output

Answer 39

MAPK cascade, cytoskeleton

Question 40

Eph/ephrin mode

Answer 40

bidirectional, both ligand and receptor can be mebrane associated. Does MAPK and exerts adhesive or guidance functions by modulating cytoskeleton stability