SSN Embryology 2011

Question 1

midline defects, including cleft palate

Answer 1

think hedgehog

Question 2

mouse advantage

Answer 2

reverse genetics

Question 3

zebrafish

Answer 3

transparent embryo

Question 4

C elegans

Answer 4

hermaphrodite

Question 5

frog

Answer 5

huge egg

Question 6

umbilical cord covering

Answer 6

amniotic sac lining

Question 7

space in the lateral mesoderm

Answer 7

intraembryonic ceolum

Question 8

what closure is incomplete in spinal bifida

Answer 8

neural tube

Question 9

what supplement helps neural tube closure

Answer 9

folic acid

Question 10

what is never dangerous to fetus, due to molecule size

Answer 10

heparin

Question 11

thalidomide babies: what genes are upregulated?

Answer 11

Dkk1, BMP4

Question 12

Do Bim and Bax ever associate?

Answer 12

No, they are expressed constituatively

Question 13

What is APAF1?

Answer 13

part of mito apoptosis pathway. Mutation would cause increase in proCaspase 9

Question 14

dedifferentiation cocktail must have

Answer 14

Sox2, Oct 3 and 4

Question 15

single front tooth?

Answer 15

nodal issue (cripto deficit)

Question 16

Pitx is normally induced where?

Answer 16

Left lateral plate mesoderm

Question 17

first cells to move away from epiblast become

Answer 17

lateral part of the ectoderm

Question 18

what signal dominates a hox knockout?

Answer 18

the higher up one! Rostral.

Question 19

epimere becomes what via Wnt?

Answer 19

back muscle

Question 20

hypomere becomes what via Wnt and BMP?

Answer 20

body wall muscle

Question 21

sternum comes from

Answer 21

lateral plate mesoderm. Does ribs?

Question 22

what does the AER express?

Answer 22

FGF

Question 23

what makes a limb look dorsal?

Answer 23

Lmx1 via Wnt

Question 24

what causes acheiropodia?

Answer 24

deleted Shh enhancer

Question 25

what causes premature closure?

Answer 25

FGFR, Msx

Question 26

Gli1 increases

Answer 26

Shh (when Patch is inactive)

Question 27

dermal condensate forms when?

Answer 27

bud stage (late) in follicle

Question 28

paravertebral ganglia, aka

Answer 28

sympathetic ganglia

Question 29

BMP must be ____ for neural induction to take place

Answer 29

repressed

Question 30

ret is stimulated by what ligand?

Answer 30

GFR-alpha

Question 31

Shh sends ____ cues to growth cone

Answer 31

attractive

Question 32

hyoid bone comes from

Answer 32

Arch 2 and 3

Question 33

what arch does not use Hox?

Answer 33

Arch 1

Question 34

dorsal otic vesicle (dlx 5 and 6)

Answer 34

semicircular canals and utricle

Question 35

ventral otic vesicle (Pax2)

Answer 35

saccule and cochlea

Question 36

choroidal fissure, optic stalk and cip come from

Answer 36

neural TUBE!

Question 37

proximal sensory neurons are from

Answer 37

neural crest

Question 38

distal sensory neurons are from

Answer 38

panplacodal ectoderm

Question 39

oropharyngeal membrane separates

Answer 39

primitive foregut and amniotic cavity (no distinct at week 4 between nasal and oral cavity)