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MM Development > SSN Embryology 2011 > Flashcards

SSN Embryology 2011 Flashcards

1
Q

midline defects, including cleft palate

A

think hedgehog

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2
Q

mouse advantage

A

reverse genetics

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3
Q

zebrafish

A

transparent embryo

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4
Q

C elegans

A

hermaphrodite

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5
Q

frog

A

huge egg

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6
Q

umbilical cord covering

A

amniotic sac lining

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7
Q

space in the lateral mesoderm

A

intraembryonic ceolum

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8
Q

what closure is incomplete in spinal bifida

A

neural tube

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9
Q

what supplement helps neural tube closure

A

folic acid

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10
Q

what is never dangerous to fetus, due to molecule size

A

heparin

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11
Q

thalidomide babies: what genes are upregulated?

A

Dkk1, BMP4

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12
Q

Do Bim and Bax ever associate?

A

No, they are expressed constituatively

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13
Q

What is APAF1?

A

part of mito apoptosis pathway. Mutation would cause increase in proCaspase 9

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14
Q

dedifferentiation cocktail must have

A

Sox2, Oct 3 and 4

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15
Q

single front tooth?

A

nodal issue (cripto deficit)

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16
Q

Pitx is normally induced where?

A

Left lateral plate mesoderm

17
Q

first cells to move away from epiblast become

A

lateral part of the ectoderm

18
Q

what signal dominates a hox knockout?

A

the higher up one! Rostral.

19
Q

epimere becomes what via Wnt?

A

back muscle

20
Q

hypomere becomes what via Wnt and BMP?

A

body wall muscle

21
Q

sternum comes from

A

lateral plate mesoderm. Does ribs?

22
Q

what does the AER express?

A

FGF

23
Q

what makes a limb look dorsal?

A

Lmx1 via Wnt

24
Q

what causes acheiropodia?

A

deleted Shh enhancer

25
Q

what causes premature closure?

A

FGFR, Msx

26
Q

Gli1 increases

A

Shh (when Patch is inactive)

27
Q

dermal condensate forms when?

A

bud stage (late) in follicle

28
Q

paravertebral ganglia, aka

A

sympathetic ganglia

29
Q

BMP must be ____ for neural induction to take place

A

repressed

30
Q

ret is stimulated by what ligand?

A

GFR-alpha

31
Q

Shh sends ____ cues to growth cone

A

attractive

32
Q

hyoid bone comes from

A

Arch 2 and 3

33
Q

what arch does not use Hox?

A

Arch 1

34
Q

dorsal otic vesicle (dlx 5 and 6)

A

semicircular canals and utricle

35
Q

ventral otic vesicle (Pax2)

A

saccule and cochlea

36
Q

choroidal fissure, optic stalk and cip come from

A

neural TUBE!

37
Q

proximal sensory neurons are from

A

neural crest

38
Q

distal sensory neurons are from

A

panplacodal ectoderm

39
Q

oropharyngeal membrane separates

A

primitive foregut and amniotic cavity (no distinct at week 4 between nasal and oral cavity)

MM Development (9 decks)

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