SRGRY - VLD LEX

Question 1

True about the veins

a. primary functions of veins is to transport blood toward the heart and serve as a reservoir to prevent extravascular volume overload
b. the venous intima is composed of nonthrombogenic endothelium
c. Endothelium produces nitric oxide and prostacyclin which promote platelet aggregation
d. smooth muscle located in the media of the vein allows for maximal changes in vein caliber and pressure
e. When veins are maximally distended, its diameter may be several times greater than that in the prone position

Answer 1

B

a. primary functions of veins is to transport blood toward the heart and serve as a reservoir to prevent INTRAVASCULAR volume overload
c. Endothelium produces nitric oxide and prostacyclin which INHIBITS platelet aggregation
d. smooth muscle located in the media of the vein allows for changes in vein caliber with minimal changes in venous pressure
e. When veins are maximally distended, its diameter may be several times greater than that in the SUPINE position

Question 2

What facilitates the capacitance function of veins

Answer 2

Circumferential rings of elastic tissue and smooth muscle located in the media of the vein.

Question 3

What are the three layers of the vein

Answer 3

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 4

This is composed of smooth muscle

a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica adventitia

Answer 4

B

Question 5

This layer is composed of a non-thrombogenic endothelium with an underlying basement membrane and an elastic lamina.

a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica adventitia

Answer 5

A

Question 6

What consists tunica adventitia (3)

Answer 6

CEF
Collagen
Elastic Fibers
Fibroblasts

Question 7

What is the most prominent layer in large veins?

a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica adventitia

Answer 7

C

Question 8

What structure allows the unidirectional blood flow of axial veins

Answer 8

venous valves

Question 9

True about venous valves

a. All veins have valves
b. In axial veins, valves are more numerous proximally in the extremities than distally
c. Each valve consists of three thin cusps of a fine connective tissue skeleton covered by endothelium
d. Venous valves close in response to cephalad-to caudal blood flow at a velocity of at least 30 cm/s2

Answer 9

D

A. inferior vena cava, common iliac veins, portal venous system, and cranial sinuses

(NO VALVES TO POO IN Co-ed CRs)

B. In axial veins, valves are more numerous DISTALLY in the extremities than PROXIMALLY

C. Each valve consists of TWO thin cusps of a fine connective tissue skeleton covered by endothelium

Question 10

3 Divisions of lower extremity veins

Answer 10

Superficial
Deep
Perforating

Question 11

Superficial venous system consists of (2)

Answer 11

Great Saphenous Vein

Small Saphenous Vein

Question 12

True about the GSV

a. from the dorsal pedal venous arch
b. courses cephalad and laterally
c. courses posterior to the medial maleolus
d. enters the common femoral vein approximately 6 cm inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle

Answer 12

A

B - cephalad and medially
C - anterior to medial maleolus
D - 4 cm not 6 cm

Question 13

True about the saphenous nerve

a. The saphenous nerve accompanies the GSV laterally from the ankle to the level of the knee
b. The saphenous nerve provides motor function to the leg
c. both
d. neither

Answer 13

D

a -The saphenous nerve accompanies the GSV MEDIALLY from the ankle to the level of the knee
b - The saphenous nerve supplies cutaneous sensation to the medial leg and ankle

Question 14

True about SSV

a. SSV originates laterally from the dorsal pedal venous arch and courses cephalad in the posterior calf.
b. SSV penetrates the popliteal fossa between the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle, to joining the popliteal vein.
c. the termination of the SSV is variable
d. Proximal extension of the SSV connect with deep femoral vein or GSV

Answer 14

AOTA

Question 15

What is the vein of Giacomini

Answer 15

Proximal extension of SSV

Question 16

This nerve accompanies the SSV laterally along its course and supplies cutaneous sensation to the lateral malleolar region

Answer 16

Sural Nerve

Question 17

What nerve supplies cutaneous sensation to the medial leg and ankle?

Answer 17

Saphenous nerve

Question 18

what nerve supplies cutaneous sensation to the lateral malleolar region?

Answer 18

Sural nerve

Question 19

In the lower leg, paired veins parallel the course of the anterior tibial, posterior tibial,, and peroneal arteries, to join behind the knee forming the _____

Answer 19

popliteal vein

Question 20

The popliteal vein continues through the adductor hiatus to become the _____

Answer 20

femoral vein

Question 21

In the prixmal thigh, the femoral vein joins with the deep femoral vein to form the common femoral vein, becoming the ________ at the inguinal ligament

Answer 21

external iliac vein

Question 22

Clinically important perforator veins of the lower extremity that connect the deep fascia to connect the superficial and deep venous systems. (2)

Answer 22

Posterior tibial

Paratibial perforators

Question 23

Also known as the Boyd perforator

Answer 23

Paratibial perforators

Question 24

Also known as the Cockett perforators

Answer 24

Posterior tibial perforators

Question 25

Posterior tibial porforator veins drain the ______

Answer 25

medial lower leg

Question 26

What connects the posterior accessory GSV and the posterior tibial vein?

Answer 26

Posterior tibial perforators

Question 27

Also known as posterior arch vein

Answer 27

posterior accessory GSV

Question 28

True about perforator veins

a. The paratibial perforator veins represents a connection of the three ankle perforating
b. The three ankle perforating veins are important in the development of venous stasis ulcers.
c. The posterior accessory GSV has relevance connect the SSV to the deep veins approximately 10 cm below the knee and 1-2 cm medial to the Tibia
d. Perforators of the femoral canal also known as Cockett and Boyd’s perforators

Answer 28

B

a. Posterior accessory GSV not paratibial
c. paratibial perforator connect the GSV to the deep veins
d. Hunter and Dodd’s perforators

Question 29

Venous sinuses are thin walled large veins located within the substance of these muscles (2)

Answer 29

Soleus and gastrocnemius

Question 30

The venous sinuses drain into these veins

Answer 30

posterior tibial and peroneal veins