NRSRGRY 1 Flashcards
Part of brain involved in executive function, decision-making and restraint of emotions
Frontal areas
How is the homonculus oriented along the precentral gyrus?
head inferior and lateral to the lower extremities superiorly and medially
Where is the motor speech area (broca’s area) in most patients?
L Posterior inferior frontal lobe
Lobe responsible for Awareness of one’s body in space and relative to the immediate environment, body orientation and spatial relationships
Parietal lobe
Visual cortex is arrayed along the apposing medial surfaces of this lobe
Occipital lobe
Left occipital lobe receives and integrates data from which half of the retina?
Left half of the retina
What is the structure above the temporal lobe which divides it from the parietal lobe?
Sylvian fissure
Memory
a. hippocampus
b. amygdala
c. Meyer’s loops
d. Wernicke’s area
A
Receptive speech area
Wernicke’s
Involved with modulation of movement via inhibition of motor pathways
Basal ganglia
Parts of diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Key processor and relay circuit for most motor and sensory information going to or coming from the cortex
Thalamus
Key regulator of homeostasis via the autonomic and neuroendocrine systems
Hypothalamus
Sensory
a. medial lemniscus
b. corticospinal tract
c. spinothalamic tract
A and C
These cranial nerves have nuclei at the brain stem
III-XII
integrates somatosensory, vestibular, and motor information for coordination and timing of movement
Cerebellum
Lesions on the cerebellar vermis leads to
truncal ataxia
lateral lesions to the cerebellum lead to
termor and dyscoordination in the extremities
T/F the ventricular system is continuous with the subarachnoid space outside the brain.
T
Communication between lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle is via the
foramen of monroe
communication between third ventricle to fourth ventricle is via the
Aqueduct of Sylvius
passageway of CSF from 4th ventricle to subarachnoid space
foramen of Magendie and paired foramina of Luschka
What creates CSF?
Choroid plexus
What is the average CSF volume of an adult?
150mL
How much CSF fluid is made in an adult per day?
500mL per day
The spinal cord ends at what vertebral level?
L1
motor tracts continue from the brain stem down via the _______ to ______ then exit via ventral nerve roots.
anterior and lateral corticospial tracts, anterior horn cells
sensory information enters via _____, travels up the dorsal column or _____ into the brain stem
dorsal nerve roots
spinothalamic tract
Menta status
will follow commands and answer questions but return to sleep
lethargic
Mental status
difficult to arouse
stupurous
Mental status
no purposeful response to voice or pain
comatose
motor strength
no muscle movement
0/5
Motor strength
movement against gravity but not against resistance
3/5
Motor strength
normal strength against gravity and resistance
5/5
Motor strength
Movement at the joint but not against gravity
2/5
Motor strength
Movement against gravity but less than normal resistance
4/5
Motor strength
visible muscle movement but no movement on the joint
1/5
GCS
Eye opening max score
4
GCS Motor response max score
6
GCS Verbal response max score
5
Imaging for: Fractures, osteolytic or osteoblastic lesions, pneumocephalus, and to assess for evidence of bony trauma or soft tissue swelling suggesting fracture?
Plain films
Externally useful diagnostic tool in the setting of new focal neurologic deficit, decreased mental status or trauma. Rapid and almost universally available.
CT
Excellent imaging of soft tissues structures in the head and spine
MRI
Gold standard for evaluation of vascular pathology of the brain and spine
Angiography (digital subtraction angiography)
Assess the function of peripheral nerves
EMG-NCS
records muscle activity in response to a proximal stimulation of the motor nerve
EMG
Record the velocity and amplitude of the nerve action potential
NCS
