SR14:Spottiswoode 2016- honeyguide human mutualism

Question 1

what does the mutualism involve?

Answer 1

greater honeyguide birds lead human honey hunters to wild bees nests

Question 2

what is it an example of?

Answer 2

mutualistic foraging partnership

Question 3

what does the specialised vocal sound made by the Mozambican honey hunters elicit?

Answer 3

cooperative behaviour from honeyguides

Question 4

what did the sound increase the probability of being guided by a honeyguide from and to?

Answer 4

33% to 66%

Question 5

what did the sound increase the probability of finding a bees nest from and to?

Answer 5

17% to 54%

Question 6

who by and when was the behaviour first noticed?

Answer 6

1588

joao dos santos

Question 7

after the men harvest the nests what do the honeyguides benefit from?

Answer 7

eating the beeswax combs

Question 8

as honeyguides approach people what do they do?

Answer 8

give a loud chattering call that is different from their territorial song and fly from tree to tree until the human follows

Question 9

what was tracked in the experiment?

Answer 9

trailed the honey hunters and tracked movements using GPS

Question 10

what % of guiding events led to successful discovery by humans of at least one bees nest

Answer 10

75.3%

Question 11

what % of the nests belonged to the honeybee?

Answer 11

94.6%

Question 12

what did the birds initial flight direction accurately signal?

Answer 12

ultimate location of bees nest

Question 13

what % of bees nests founded by humans involved the help of honeyguides?

Answer 13

74.5%

Question 14

as a special case what do Yao honey hunters do to announce their presence?

Answer 14

produce a loud trill followed by grunt brr hm which is a specific sound learned through generations

Question 15

what was done to see if honeyguides associated vocal signal with higher payoff? and what was found?

Answer 15

• played 1 of 3 sounds in transects
• control human. control animal, specialised brr hm
• 30/72 transects were guided by honeyguides

Question 16

if the honey hunting call brr hm was used then what % probability was there for eliciting guide from the honeyguide?

Answer 16

66.7%

Question 17

when the control sounds were produced what would the honeyguides do?

Answer 17

stop guiding behaviour

Question 18

what were the % of bees nests found for each:

a) honey hunting specialised sound
b) human control
c) animal control

Answer 18

a) 81%
b) 67%
c) 50%

Question 19

what did using the honey hunting sound do to the chance of finding a bees nest?

Answer 19

more than tripled it

Question 20

what has the interaction likely evolved by?

Answer 20

NS

Question 21

what does the study show that a wild animal is capable of doing?

Answer 21

attaching meaning and responding to a human signal of recruitment for cooperative foraging

Question 22

learning may occur socially from other birds near bees nests, what does this result in?

Answer 22

a tradition in the honeyguides that reflects customs of the human honey hunters

Question 23

what is the specific brr hmm signal confined to?

Answer 23

a specific geographical area