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APS 209: Animal behaviour > SR 6/7: Albo 2013- sperm storage and cryptic female choice for nuptial gifts > Flashcards

SR 6/7: Albo 2013- sperm storage and cryptic female choice for nuptial gifts Flashcards

1
Q

where nuptial gifts facilitate female mating what may females gain?

A

indirect benefits through prefered storage of sperm from gift giving males if they are a signal of quality

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2
Q

what was the study species?

A

spider P.mirabilis

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3
Q

what did the study quantify?

A

number of sperm stored in response to copulation with males with and without gift

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4
Q

what did they assess the effect of gift presence and copulation duration on?

A

egg hatching success in uninterrupted matings with gift giving males

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5
Q

what % higher egg hatching success was there for females who mated with gift giving males?

A

17%

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6
Q

what did uninterrupted copulations result in?

A

increased sperm storage and egg hatching success

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7
Q

how and under what conditions can the nuptial gifts be considered a male signal?

A

under +ve SS

by cryptic sperm storage

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8
Q

what does giving gifts benefit to the males?

A
  • longer copulations
  • increased sperm transfer
  • higher mating success
  • more eggs fertilised
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9
Q

what is cryptic mate choice?

A

SS during mating or post mating

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10
Q

what can nutritious gifts be a signal for?

A

male quality in terms of good hunting ability

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11
Q

what may gift giving be a target for and evolution of what will it favour?

A

sexually antagonistic coevolution

evolution of fake gifts

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12
Q

what can internal processes resulting in fertilisation bias be mediated by?

A

both sexes

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13
Q

why are there few studies on female cryptic sperm choice?

A

hard to disentangle male and female driven processes

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14
Q

what is the gift that this spider species offers?

A

insect wrapped in silk that female feeds on during copulation

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15
Q

how do males transfer sperm?

A

externally using pedipalps loaded with sperm

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16
Q

where do females store sperm?

A

spermatheca storage organ

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17
Q

how do males court?

A

offer gift in chelicerae whilst waving pedipalps

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18
Q

what does the male do once the female has accepted the gift?

A

initiates sperm transfer inserting pedipalps into female genital tract

19
Q

what test was used for normal distribution of residuals

A

Shapiro wilk

20
Q

what test was used for homogeneity of variances?

A

Levene’s test

21
Q

what were generalised linear models used for?

A

to analyse sperm number, hatching success and effect of copulation duration on hatching success

22
Q

what was linear regression used for?

A

effect of copulation duration on number of sperm stored

23
Q

how did they calculate sperm count?

A

dissected female sperm storage organs and counted sperm under microscope

24
Q

what was found for sperm count? (2)

A
  • if doesnt give give less sperm count and less stored in female genital tract
  • most sperm stored when females mated with gift giving males uninterrupted
25
Q

how was hatching success calculated?

A

total eggs in first egg sac produced counted and success is the proportion of hatched eggs

26
Q

what is the relationship between copulation duration and hatching success?

A

positive

27
Q

where was hatching success highest?

A

gift giving groups with uninterrupted copulation

28
Q

what are the indirect benefits the female may gain? (2)

A
  • by fisherian processes if produce sexy sons more likely to provide gifts
  • elevated offspring fitness if gift giving males pass on genes
29
Q

why was it suggested females select males based on their quality?

A

satiated males had higher mating and paternity success compared to starved males

30
Q

what does the data suggest sperm storage is at least partially under the control of?

A

female through cryptic sperm choice

31
Q

what may differential sperm storage be due to?

A
  • preferential sperm uptake during mating

- post copulatory differential sperm selection

32
Q

how can males increase their fertilisation success through increasing sperm transfer? (4)

A
  • longer copulation
  • higher rate of ejaculate transfer
  • increased sperm size
  • different types of sperm produced in 1 ejaculate
33
Q

what do males tailor the number of sperm in pedipalps to?

A

in response to being able to acquire a gift

34
Q

what is copulation duration positively correlated with?

A

nuptial feeding and gift quality

35
Q

which males can gain an advantage in sperm competition?

A

males that can offer nuptial gifts that take longer to consume

36
Q

how do both males and females benefit from sperm storage and longer copulations?

A

increased sperm transfer so higher paternity and indirect benefits to the female

37
Q

what acts to maintain selection for high quality gifts?

A

combination of cryptic female sperm storage favouring gift giving males and advantaged in sperm competition to those offering genuine gifts

38
Q

what was determined in the female sperm storage organs

A

the number of sperm

39
Q

what were each of these groups of males:

a) NG males
b) GT males
c) G males

A

a) no gift and copulate without interruption
b) gift and copulation terminated after 10 mins
c) gift and uninterrupted copulation

40
Q

what differed among the 3 experimental groups?

A

number of sperm

41
Q

which group stored significantly higher sperm and had higher hatching success?

A

G males

with uninterrupted matings with gift giving males

42
Q

what are males copulating without gifts likely under selection pressure to do?

A

increase sperm transfer rate

43
Q

who controls copulation duration?

A

females

44
Q

what is expected if worthless gifts are given?

A

cryptic female choice

APS 209: Animal behaviour (25 decks)

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