SR 6/7: Pryke 2010- female multiple mating and sperm competition

Question 1

what did the study show that female participation in extra pair copulations and sperm competition enables?

Answer 1

enables female finches to target genes that are optimally compatible with their own to ensure fertility and optimise offspring viability

Question 2

what did the study show about the function of female infidelity?

Answer 2

adaptive

Question 3

in socially monogamous systems what is optimal female choice limited by?

Answer 3

the number of high quality compatible partners available

Question 4

what do extra pair copulations allow females to avoid?

Answer 4

fitness costs of genetically incompatible partners

Question 5

what was the study species?

Answer 5

Gouldian finch (E.gouldiae)

Question 6

where does genetic incompatibility occur, what is it controlled by and what % greater offspring mortality rates does it result in

Answer 6

• interbreeding between different head colour morphs/genotypes
• head colour determined by Z-linked gene
• 60%

Question 7

what genetic makeup can M and F have?

Answer 7

M: homozygous ZrZr=black or heterozygous ZRZr=red
F: hemizygous Zr=black

Question 8

who do the finches prefer to breed with?

Answer 8

their own morph type

Question 9

what % of wild bird breeding pairs are mixed morph?

Answer 9

30%

Question 10

how long was the virgin male placed with female?

Answer 10

60 min

Question 11

what were the 3 situations/contexts?

Answer 11

• adaptive context
• maladaptive context
• neutral

Question 12

what was the adaptive context?

Answer 12

incompatible partner, compatible extra pair partner

Question 13

what was the maladaptive context?

Answer 13

compatible partner, incompatible extra pair partner

Question 14

what was the neutral situation?

Answer 14

both partners either compatible or incompatible

Question 15

which females were likely to engage in extra pair behaviour?

Answer 15

females across all contexts despite head colour or compatibility

Question 16

what % females copulated with an extra pair male

Answer 16

77.5%

Question 17

what is considered copulation?

Answer 17

cloacal contact

Question 18

in what situations did females never copulate?

Answer 18

when forced

Question 19

how may females be bearing a cost from the investment into extra pair copulations?

Answer 19

mate with incompatible males as cant distinguish homozygous compatible red males from heterozygous incompatible ones

Question 20

in the adaptive context which males fathered more offspring per brood?

Answer 20

extra pair males

Question 21

what can bias the outcome of fertilisation?

Answer 21

genetic compatibility

Question 22

when are offspring more likely to survive?

Answer 22

when both parents are compatible

Question 23

what is needed to account for to understand the evolution of female polyandry?

Answer 23

account for both pre and post copulatory processes

Question 24

what cant the extra pair male fertilise?

Answer 24

the first and second egg that is fertilised by the social male partner

Question 25

what is sperm competition limited to between social and extra pair males?

Answer 25

1-7 potential eggs

Question 26

which males had more fertilisation success?

Answer 26

extra pair males

Question 27

did males discriminate between incompatible and compatible males?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

why may extra pair males have greater post copulatory success?

Answer 28

different ejaculate size to social males

Question 29

what % increase in offspring survival did extra pair copulations result in?

Answer 29

38.9%

Question 30

what did females do in incompatible social pairings after participating in extra pair copulations?

Answer 30

copulated with their partner less

Question 31

what does female participation in extra pair copulation increase and what is a disadvantage?

Answer 31

the number of eggs she produces

- bears the cost of the investment

Question 32

in what context were there significantly more extra pair offspring?

Answer 32

adaptive