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Surgical Recall > SR 34 - GI Hormones and Physiology > Flashcards

SR 34 - GI Hormones and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What do these cells produce? Gastric parietal cells

A

HCl

Intrinsic factor

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2
Q

What do these cells produce? Chief cells

A

Pepsinogen

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3
Q

What do these cells produce? G cells

A

Gastrin

Found in the antrum

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4
Q

What do these cells produce? Mucous neck cells

A

Bicarbonate mucus

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5
Q

Name the receptors on the parietal cell that stimulates hCl release

A

Histamine
Acetylcholine
Gastrin

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6
Q

Where is most of hte bile acids absorbed?

A

Terminal ileum

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7
Q

Where is intrinsic factor + B12 absorbed?

A

Terminal ileum

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8
Q

How may times is the entire bile acid pool circulated during a typical meal?

A

Twice

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9
Q

What are timulators of gallbladder emptying?

A

CCK

Vagal inuput

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10
Q

What are the inhibitors of gallbladder emptying?

A

Somatostatin
Sympathteitcs (you cannot flee and ingest food at the same time)
VIP

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11
Q

What stimulates the release of CCK?

A

Fat, protein, amino acids, HCl, antral stretch

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12
Q

What inhibits the release of CCK?

A

Trypsin

Chymotrypsin

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13
Q

What are CCKs actions?

A

Empties gallbladder
Opens ampulla of vater
Slows gastric emptying
Stimulates pancreatic acinar cell growth and release of exocrine products

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14
Q

What is the source of CCK?

A

Duodenal mucosal cells

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15
Q

What is the source of secretin?

A

Duodenal cells (argyrophilic S cells)

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16
Q

What stimulates secretin release?

A

pH

17
Q

What inhibits release of secretin?

A

High pH in the duodenum

18
Q

What are the actions of secretin?

A

Release pancreatic bicarb/enzymes/H2O
Release bile/bicarbonate
Decreases lower esophageal sphincter tone
Decrease release of gastric acid

19
Q

What is the source of gastrin?

A

Gastric antrum G-cells

20
Q

What stimulates gastrin release?

A

Stomach peptides/amino acids
Vagal input
Calcium

21
Q

What inhibits gastrin release?

A

pH

22
Q

What are the actions of gastrin?

A

Release of HCl from parietal cells

Trophic effect on mucosa of the stomach and small intestine

23
Q

What is the source of somatostatin?

A

Pancreatic D cells

24
Q

What stimulates the release of somatostatin?

A

Food

25
Q

What are the actions of somatostatin?

A

Globally inhibits GI function

26
Q

What is the purpose of hte colon?

A

Reabsoprtion of H2O and storage of stool

27
Q

What is the main small bowel nutritional source?

A

Glutamine

28
Q

What is the main nutritional souce of the colon?

A

Butyrate (short-chain fatty acid)

29
Q

Where is calcium absorbed?

A

Duodenum actively

Jejunum passively

30
Q

Where is iron absorbed?

A

Duodenum

31
Q

What hormone primarily controls gallbladder contraction?

A

CCK

32
Q

What are hte main constituents of bile?

A

Water, phospholipids, bile acids, cholesterol, bilirubin

33
Q

How do opiates affect the bowel?

A

They stimulate sodium absoprtion and inhibit secretion in the ileum as well as decreasing GI motility by incoordinated peristalsis

34
Q

Which electrolytes does the colon actively absorb?

A

Na, Cl

35
Q

Which electrolyte does the colon actively secrete?

A

HCO3 (which is why diarrhea causes normal anion gap acidosis)

36
Q

Which electrolyte does the colon passively secrete?

A

K+

37
Q

What is hte gastrocolic reflex?

A

Increased secretory and motor functions of the stomach result n increased colonic motility

38
Q

What is the blood supply to the liver?

A

75% from portal vein (products of digestion)

25% from hepatic artery (rich in O2)

39
Q

What are Peyer patches?

A

Nodules of lymphoid tissue with B/T cells in the small intestine that selectively sample lumenal antigens found in the terminal ileum.

Surgical Recall (32 decks)

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