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Surgical Recall > SR 16 - Drains and Tubes > Flashcards

SR 16 - Drains and Tubes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of drains?

A

WIthdrawal of fluids

Apposition of tissues to remove a potential space by suction

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2
Q

What is a JP drain?

A

Jackson Pratt

Closed drainage system attached to a suction bulb

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3
Q

What are the steps of JP drain removal?

A

Three Ss
Stitch removal
Suction discontinuation
Slow, steady pull

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4
Q

What is a Penrose drain?

A

Open drainage system compsed of a thin rubber hose

Associated with increased infection rate in clean wounds

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5
Q

Define G-tube

A

Gastrostomy tube

Used for drainage or feeding

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6
Q

Define J-tube

A

Jejunostomy tube
Used for feeding
May be a small-needle catheter (remember to flush after use or it will clog) or a large, red rubber catheter

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7
Q

Define Cholecystostomy tube

A

Tube placed surgically (or percutaneously with US guidance) to drain the gallbladder

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8
Q

Define T-Tube

A

Tube placed in the common bile duct with an ascending and descending limb that forms a T
Drains percutaneously
Placed after common bile duct exploration

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9
Q

What is a thoracostomy tube?

A

Chest tube

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10
Q

What is the purpose of a chest tube?

A

To appose the parietal and visceral pleura by draining blood/pus/fluid/chyle/air

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11
Q

How is a chest tube inserted?

A

Local anesthetic
Incise skin (4-5th ICS) between mid- and anterior-axillary lines
Perform blunt Kelly-clamp dissection over the rib into the pleural space
Perform finger exploration to confirm intrapleural placement
Place tube posteriorly and superiorly

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12
Q

Is the chest tube place over or under the rib?

A

OVER to avoid vessels and nerves

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13
Q

What are the goals of chest tube insertion?

A

Drain the pleural cavity

Appose parietal and visceral pleura to seal any visceral pleural holes

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14
Q

How can you tell on CXR if the last hole on the chest tube is in the pleural cavity?

A

Last hole is cut through the radiopaque line in the chest tube and is seen on CXR as a break in the line, which should be within the pleural cavity

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15
Q

What are the cm measurements on a chest tube?

A

Centimeters from the last hole on the chest tube

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16
Q

What is the chest tube connected to?

A

Suction, waterseal, collection system (three-chambered box)

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17
Q

What are the three chambers of the Pleuravac?

A

Collection chamber
Water seal
Suction

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18
Q

Should a chest tube ever be clamped off?

A

No, except to ‘run the system’ momentarily

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19
Q

What does it mean to ‘run the system’ of a chest tube?

A

To see if the air leak is form a leak in the pleural cavity or from a leak in the tubing
Momentarily occlude the chest tube and if the air leak is still present, it is from the tubing or tubing connection, not the chest

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20
Q

How can you tell if the chest tube is ‘tidling’?

A

Take the Pleuravac off of suction and look at the water seal chamber
Fluid should move with respiration/ventilation (called tidling)
This decreases and ceases if the pleura seals off the chest tube

21
Q

How can you check for an air leak?

A

Look at the water seal chamber on suction
If bubbles pass through the water seal fluid, a large leak is present; if no leak is evident on suction, remove suction and ask the patient to cough
If air bubbles through the water seal, a small air leak is present

22
Q

What is the usual course for removing a chest tube placed for a PTX?

A

Suction until the PTX resolves and the air leak is gone
Water seal for 24 hours
Remove the chest tube is not PTX or air leak is present after 24 hours of water seal

23
Q

How fast is a small, stable PTX absorbed?

A

~1% lung area/daily

Therefore, as 10% PTX will absorb in 10 days

24
Q

How should a chest tube be removed?

A

Cut the stitch
Ask patient to exhale or inhale maximally
Rapidly remove the tube and, at the same time, place petroleum jelly gauze covered by 4x4 and then tape
Obtain CXR

25
Q

What is a Heimlich valve?

A

One-way flutter valve for a chest tube

26
Q

How should a NGT be placed?

A

Use lbrication and have suction up on bed
Use anesthetic to numb nose
Place head in flexion
Ask patient to drink a small amount of water when the tube is in the back of the throat and to swallow the tube
If the patient can talk without difficulty and succus returns, the tube should be in the stomach

27
Q

How should a NGT be removed?

A

Give the patient a tissue, discontinue suction, untape nose, remove quickly and have patient blow nose

28
Q

What test should be performed before feeding by any tube?

A

High abdominal XR to confirm the placement into the GIT and not the lungs

29
Q

How does an NGT work?

A

Sump pump - dual lumen tube
The large clear tube is hooked to suction and the small blue tube allows for air sump (circuit sump pump with air in the blue tube and air and succus sucked out through the large clear lumen)

30
Q

How can you check to see if the NGT is working?

A

Blue port will make a sucking noise

Always keep the blue port opening above the stomach

31
Q

Should an NGT be placed on continuous or intermittent suction?

A

Continuous low suction

Side holes disengage if they are against mucosa because of the sump mechanism and multiple holes

32
Q

What happens if the NGT is clogged?

A

Tube will not decompress the stomach and will keep the LES open (risk for aspiration)

33
Q

How should an NGT be unclogged?

A

Saline-flush the clear port, reconnect to suction, and flush air down the blue sump port

34
Q

What is a common cause of excessive NGT drainage?

A

Tip of the NGT is inadvertently placed in the duodenum and drains the pancreatic fluid and bile
XR taken and reposition the tube into the stomach

35
Q

What is the difference between a feeding tube (Dobbhoff tube) and an NGT)?

A

A feeding tube is a thin tube weighted at the end that is not a sump pump, but a simple catheter
Usually placed paced the pylorus, which is facilitated by the weighted end and peristalsis

36
Q

What is a Foley catheter?

A

Catheter into the bladder

Allows accurate urine output monitoring

37
Q

What is a coude catheter?

A

Foley with a small, curved tip to help maneuver around a large prostate

38
Q

If a foley cannot be inserted, what are the next steps?

A

Anesthetize the urethra with a sterile local anesthetic (i.e. lidocaine jelly)
Try a larger foley catheter

39
Q

What if the patient has a urethral injury and a foley cannot be placed?

A

A suprapubic catheter will need to be placed

40
Q

What are central lines?

A

Catheters placed into the major veins via subclavian, internal jugular or femoral vein approaches

41
Q

What major complication results from central line placement?

A

PTX - always get a post placement CXR
Bleeding
Malposition (i.e. into the neck)
Dysrhythmias

42
Q

In long-term central lines, what does the ‘cuff’ do?

A

Allows ingrowth of fibrous tissue

  • Holds the line in place
  • Forms a barrier to the advance of bacteria
43
Q

What is a HIckman catheter?

A

External central line tunneled under the skin with a cuff

44
Q

What is a Port-A-Cath?

A

Central line that has a port buried under the skin that must be accessed through the skin (percutaneously)

45
Q

What is a ‘cordis’?

A

Large central line catheter

Used for massive fluid resuscitation or for placing a Swan-Ganz catheter

46
Q

If you try to place a subclavian central line unsuccessfully, what must you do before trying the other side?

A

CXR - bilateral PTX can be fatal

47
Q

How can diameter in mm be determine from a french measurement?

A

Divide the french size by Pi

48
Q

How can needle-gauge size be dtermined?

A

14-gauge needle is 1/14 of an inch

49
Q

What is a Tenckhoff catheter?

A

Catheter placed into the peritoneal cavity for peritoneal dialysis

Surgical Recall (32 decks)

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