squamous cell carcinoma

Question 1

why are lymph nodes enlarged?

Answer 1

• metastasis from the vulvar cancer
• due to infection
• autoimmune response

Question 2

factors important for successful wound healing?

Answer 2

• good diet
• good blood supply
• diabtes , smoking - negative impact

Question 3

how does diabetes and smoking influence wound healing?

Answer 3

• diabetes slows wound healing by impairing blood vessel function
• smoking may reduce blood flow and oxygen delivery

Question 4

main two types of wound healing?

Answer 4

primary intention - wound edges closely approximated and closed using sutures, staples, or adhesives. The wound is clean, with minimal tissue loss and well-aligned edges.
secondary intention - wound cannot be closed or has significant tissue loss, often due to trauma, infection, or surgical debridement. The wound is left open to heal naturally from the inside out, forms scar

Question 5

key differences b/w primary & secondary intention?

Answer 5

• closure: primary intention involves closing the wound edges, while secondary intention leaves the wound open.
• healing time: primary intention generally heals faster than secondary intention.
• scarring: secondary intention often results in more noticeable scarring due to the larger wound area and extended healing process.
• granulation: primary intention has minimal granulation tissue, whereas secondary intention involves significant granulation tissue formation to fill the wound.

Question 6

What are fibroblasts and what is their function in wound healing?

Answer 6

connective tissue responsible for producing collagen

Question 7

What is radiotherapy and what effect does it have on tissues?

Answer 7

• Radiotherapy is a treatment that uses high-energy radiation, such as X-rays or protons, to target and destroy cancer cells
• damages the DNA of cancer cells
• triggers fibroblast activation and collagen deposition, leading to fibrosis
• induces an inflammatory response
• capillary injury + damage to small blood vessels lead to reduced perfusion and oxygenation, affecting tissue health and function.

Question 8

What important anatomical structures are found in the groin that could be vulnerable to injury?

Answer 8

femoral artery & vein