hypertension Flashcards
1
Q
what is primary and secondary hypertension?
A
- primary - does not have a definitive cause
- secondary - known cause
2
Q
pathological changes hypertension causes the heart
A
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- coronary heart disease
- cardiac arrest
3
Q
risk factors for hypertension
A
- older age
- excess alcohol
- obesity
- high salt diet
4
Q
complications of hypertension
A
kidney disease, heart disease and stroke
5
Q
what is benfroflumethiazide?
A
- diuretic to treat hypertension
- inhibits active chloride reabsorption resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water
- side effects - can cause low potassium levels
6
Q
mechanism of action to combat hypertension
A
- lifestyle changes - exercise, diet
- medications - diuretics
- stress management
- reducing alcohol
- quit smoking
7
Q
what is Sando K?
A
- prescribed to treat low potassium levels
- contains potassium chloride, which supplements the body with potassium
8
Q
How does benfroflumethiazide caused hypokalaemia?
A
As sodium and water are excreted, potassium is also excreted alongside them, leading to increased urinary potassium loss.
8
Q
what is spironolactone?
A
- Spironolactone is a medication classified as a potassium-sparing diuretic.
- Unlike thiazide diuretics such as bendroflumethiazide, which increase potassium excretion, spironolactone works by reducing the amount of potassium that the body loses through urine.
