sporting injuries and rehab Flashcards
What does SALTAPS stand for?
Stop - prevent further injury
Ask - test consciousness
Look - blood, bones, abnormalities
Touch - check for abnormalities
Active movement - player moves on own to check range of movement
Passive movement - coach helps move to check range of movement
Strength - can weight be put on the joint
What is included in soft tissue injuries?
- Muscle
- Ligament
- Tendon
How long do soft tissue injuries take to heal on a minimum?
4+ weeks
What does PRICE stand for and what does is it used to manage?
- acute management of soft tissue injuries
Protect - prevent further injury e.g. brace or cast
Rest - allows full recovery
Ice - vasoconstrict
Compress - pressure
Elevation - gravity
Last three all reduce swelling
What do IRB’s 6 R’s stand for?
Remove - head injury assessment and stop worsening
Refer - medical specialist
Rest - no sleep (4hrs) 24hr monitoring
Recover - 2+ weeks
Return - if no symptoms
What is an acute injury?
A sudden injury
What is an chronic injury?
a long term injury/builds over time
what is hard tissue?
the bone
what is soft tissue?
ligaments, tendons, cartilage, muscle and skin
what is a comminuted fracture?
bone fragments from shattered bone
Complete
what is a transverse fracture?
a horizontal break
complete
what is an impacted fracture?
from compression
complete
what is a spiral fracture?
where the bone twists
complete
what is a compound fracture?
where the bone breaks the skin
complete
what is an oblique fracture?
an angular break
complete
what is a greenstick fracture?
where the bone bends
incomplete break
what is a simple fracture?
where the skin doesn’t break
complete
what is an avulsion fracture?
fracture near the joint
complete
what is the difference between a complete fracture and an incomplete fracture?
complete is where the bone breaks the whole way through
incomplete is where the break doesn’t go all the way through the bone
what is a dislocation?
where two bones are moved from the usual position
what is a subluxation?
a partial dislocation
what is a contusion?
a bruise
what is Haematoma?
internal bleed, pool of blood
what is a sprain?
ligament damage
what is a strain?
tendon damage
what is an abrasion?
a cut/ scrage
what is a blister?
where layers of skin separate due to friction
give an example of an acute injury
concussion
example of an chronic hard tissue injury
a stress fracture where a tiny crack in the bone is caused by stress overload by repeated action
e.g. marathon runner
name three soft tissue chronic injuries
- shin splints
- tendinosis
- tennis elbow
what is shin splints/MTSS?
happens at the tibialis anterior
inflammation from excess loading stress
medial tibial stress syndrome
what is tendinosis?
tendon is made from 86% collagen
deuteriation of the collagen
at the Achilles tendon occurs from jumping
what is tennis elbow?
tendinosis
deuteriation of collagen at elbow tendon
What is exercise induced muscle damage?
characterised by symptoms that present both immediately and up to 14 days after initial exercise. Main consequence of EIMD for the athlete is the loss of skeletal muscle function and soreness
what are the 4 stages of rehabilitation after injury?
- acute stage
- early stage (when inflammation starts to reduce)
- mid stage
- late stage
definition of the acute stage of rehab and the stretching that occurs?
assessment PRICE
NO stretching
definition of early stage of rehab and stretching that occurs?
gentle exercise to encourage damaged tissue to heal
static and passive stretching
definition of mid stage of rehab and stretching that occurs?
progressive loading of connective tissue and the bones
PNF, static and passive stretching
definition of late stage of rehab and stretching that occurs?
functional exercises to prepare for a return
active and dynamic stretching
what does a massage acheive?
- relives tension
- increases blood flow
- removes scar tissue/knots
what is contrast therapy and what are the benefits?
heat and cold applied to athlete
- pumps the blood
- quicker recovery
- reduces EIMD/DOMS
what does Heat achieve and examples?
- heat pack, hot water bottle
- increases blood flow
- removes tension
- chronic injuries usually
what does cold achieve and examples?
- ice bath, ice pack
- decreases swelling
- good for acute injury
what are non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
- ibuprofen is one
- reduces inflammation
- reduces pain
what is physiotherapy?
- increases mobility
- manipulates performer
- massages performer
- corrects/alters posture
give an example of a surgery technique and what it is used for?
arthroscopy is keyhole surgery
- used for knee ligament, meniscal tear (knee catilage)
