sporting injuries and rehab

Question 1

What does SALTAPS stand for?

Answer 1

Stop - prevent further injury
Ask - test consciousness
Look - blood, bones, abnormalities
Touch - check for abnormalities
Active movement - player moves on own to check range of movement
Passive movement - coach helps move to check range of movement
Strength - can weight be put on the joint

Question 2

What is included in soft tissue injuries?

Answer 2

• Muscle
• Ligament
• Tendon

Question 3

How long do soft tissue injuries take to heal on a minimum?

Answer 3

4+ weeks

Question 4

What does PRICE stand for and what does is it used to manage?

Answer 4

• acute management of soft tissue injuries
  Protect - prevent further injury e.g. brace or cast
  Rest - allows full recovery
  Ice - vasoconstrict
  Compress - pressure
  Elevation - gravity
  Last three all reduce swelling

Question 5

What do IRB’s 6 R’s stand for?

Answer 5

Remove - head injury assessment and stop worsening
Refer - medical specialist
Rest - no sleep (4hrs) 24hr monitoring
Recover - 2+ weeks
Return - if no symptoms

Question 6

What is an acute injury?

Answer 6

A sudden injury

Question 7

What is an chronic injury?

Answer 7

a long term injury/builds over time

Question 8

what is hard tissue?

Answer 8

the bone

Question 9

what is soft tissue?

Answer 9

ligaments, tendons, cartilage, muscle and skin

Question 10

what is a comminuted fracture?

Answer 10

bone fragments from shattered bone
Complete

Question 11

what is a transverse fracture?

Answer 11

a horizontal break
complete

Question 12

what is an impacted fracture?

Answer 12

from compression
complete

Question 13

what is a spiral fracture?

Answer 13

where the bone twists
complete

Question 14

what is a compound fracture?

Answer 14

where the bone breaks the skin
complete

Question 15

what is an oblique fracture?

Answer 15

an angular break
complete

Question 16

what is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 16

where the bone bends
incomplete break

Question 17

what is a simple fracture?

Answer 17

where the skin doesn’t break
complete

Question 18

what is an avulsion fracture?

Answer 18

fracture near the joint
complete

Question 19

what is the difference between a complete fracture and an incomplete fracture?

Answer 19

complete is where the bone breaks the whole way through
incomplete is where the break doesn’t go all the way through the bone

Question 20

what is a dislocation?

Answer 20

where two bones are moved from the usual position

Question 21

what is a subluxation?

Answer 21

a partial dislocation

Question 22

what is a contusion?

Answer 22

a bruise

Question 23

what is Haematoma?

Answer 23

internal bleed, pool of blood

Question 24

what is a sprain?

Answer 24

ligament damage

Question 25

what is a strain?

Answer 25

tendon damage

Question 26

what is an abrasion?

Answer 26

a cut/ scrage

Question 27

what is a blister?

Answer 27

where layers of skin separate due to friction

Question 28

give an example of an acute injury

Answer 28

concussion

Question 29

example of an chronic hard tissue injury

Answer 29

a stress fracture where a tiny crack in the bone is caused by stress overload by repeated action e.g. marathon runner

Question 30

name three soft tissue chronic injuries

Answer 30

- shin splints - tendinosis - tennis elbow

Question 31

what is shin splints/MTSS?

Answer 31

happens at the tibialis anterior inflammation from excess loading stress medial tibial stress syndrome

Question 32

what is tendinosis?

Answer 32

tendon is made from 86% collagen deuteriation of the collagen at the Achilles tendon occurs from jumping

Question 33

what is tennis elbow?

Answer 33

tendinosis deuteriation of collagen at elbow tendon

Question 34

What is exercise induced muscle damage?

Answer 34

characterised by symptoms that present both immediately and up to 14 days after initial exercise. Main consequence of EIMD for the athlete is the loss of skeletal muscle function and soreness

Question 35

what are the 4 stages of rehabilitation after injury?

Answer 35

- acute stage - early stage (when inflammation starts to reduce) - mid stage - late stage

Question 36

definition of the acute stage of rehab and the stretching that occurs?

Answer 36

assessment PRICE NO stretching

Question 37

definition of early stage of rehab and stretching that occurs?

Answer 37

gentle exercise to encourage damaged tissue to heal static and passive stretching

Question 38

definition of mid stage of rehab and stretching that occurs?

Answer 38

progressive loading of connective tissue and the bones PNF, static and passive stretching

Question 39

definition of late stage of rehab and stretching that occurs?

Answer 39

functional exercises to prepare for a return active and dynamic stretching

Question 40

what does a massage acheive?

Answer 40

- relives tension - increases blood flow - removes scar tissue/knots

Question 41

what is contrast therapy and what are the benefits?

Answer 41

heat and cold applied to athlete - pumps the blood - quicker recovery - reduces EIMD/DOMS

Question 42

what does Heat achieve and examples?

Answer 42

- heat pack, hot water bottle - increases blood flow - removes tension - chronic injuries usually

Question 43

what does cold achieve and examples?

Answer 43

- ice bath, ice pack - decreases swelling - good for acute injury

Question 44

what are non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)

Answer 44

- ibuprofen is one - reduces inflammation - reduces pain

Question 45

what is physiotherapy?

Answer 45

- increases mobility - manipulates performer - massages performer - corrects/alters posture

Question 46

give an example of a surgery technique and what it is used for?

Answer 46

arthroscopy is keyhole surgery - used for knee ligament, meniscal tear (knee catilage)