sport pyschology - social facilitation and stress managment techniques Flashcards
what is social facilitation
the presence of others who improve performance
what is social inhibition
the presence of others who worsen performance
what are the types of others who can be present whilst undertaking sport
- the audience
- co actors ( people doing the same thing at the same time )
- the competitors
- the social reinforcers ( have a direct influence of performance )
How can you prevent social inhibiton
- ensure the players are familiar and have experience of playing in front of a crowd
- gradually introducing evaluation
- improving focus and concentration
- reduce the importance of the game
- ensure skills are well learnt
what is positive stress called
eustress
what are the key stressors ( causes of stress )
- injury
- competition
- opposition
- financial
- evaluation apprehension
- significant others
what is cognitive stress
the pyschological element of stress- feelings of being over whelmed, lacking focus or concentration
what is somatic stress
the physiological element of stress e.g. elevated heart rate, sweating
list the cognitive stress management techniques
- thought stopping
- positive self talk
- imagery
- visualisation
- mental rehearsal
- attential control and cue utilisation
- pyschological skills training - all of the techniques
what is thought stopping
when negative thoughts arise the performer uses a learned action to remove them and replace them with positive thoughts. This redirection can be movement which will trigger the performer to stop thinking negatively.
what is positive self talk
player will verbalise positive statements about themselves and their performance
i can …
i will…
what is imagery
creating a successful of the action from a past performance when the skill was performed successfully, also can recreate the feelings and emotions of the performance.
what is visualisation
player will visualise performance of a skill in training. Visualising what the game will be like e.g. tension and aggression from other players
what is mental rehearsal
process of going over the movement of a task in the mind before actually doing the skill. This can help prevent the athlete from forgetting specific aspects of the skill and therefore reduce stress.
what is attentional control and cue utilisation
stress can cause the athlete to loose focus on incorrect stimuli. This attentional narrowing is linked to increased stress and arousal, so the athlete could miss important stimuli.
At lower levels of arousal the athlete can utilise cues more effectively, performer can process cues from the environement.
This attentional narrowing may lead to attentional wastage
what are the four styles of attention which can be used by an athlete
- broad/external = wide range of cues from the environment
- broad/internal = mental analysis of numerous cues
- narrow/external = focus is directed on one environemental cue
- narrow/internal = mental practise of one or two important cues
list the somatic stress management techniques
- biofeedback
- progressive muscle relaxation
- centring
what is biofeedback
athletes may be made aware of the physiological changes which occur within their bodies when they are expeiriancing stress e.g. heart rate monitors
what is progressive muscle relaxation
the athlete will systematically tense and release their muscles
encourages athlete to release stress
what is centring
form of breathing control - taking deep breaths relaxing shoulders and chest whilst breathing from the abdominals
diverts attention away from stressful situations. Good for isolated, self paced skills.
what does a warm up provide time for
allows athleet to put into practise the stress mamagement techniques in order to reduce effects of stress
