sport psychology - aggression Flashcards
define assertion
a forecful action within the rules of the sport, controlled, well motivated, goal directed, not intended to cause harm
define aggression
intent to harm an individual outside the rules of a game, reactive to a situation, out of control, deliberate and hostile
what is hostile aggression
the main aim is to cause harm or injury
what is instrumental aggression
the main aim is to achieve a goal by using aggression e.g. a rugby player trying to hurt an opponent to win the ball
what are the four theories of aggression
1) instinct theory
2) the frustration aggression hypothesis
3) aggressive cue
4) social learning theory
describe the instinct theory of aggression
from trait perspective, everyone has an aggressive instinct which will surface with enough provocation - animal instinct to be aggressive
once someone has reacted aggressively they will experiance catharsis.
However, an issue with this, is that not all aggressive is reactive, some is pre planned. Also, not everyone has the ability to be aggressive
describe the frustration aggression hypothesis
agression will be a result of when a goal is blocked and the performer becomes frustrated
they will become frustrated and then they will act aggressively. If they act aggressiveley they will have a reduction in frustration, this is a cathartic feeling. if they cannot release this aggressive tendancy they will become even more frustrated.
however, not all frustration causes aggression, some people may give up or try harder when they are frustrated.
describe the agressive cue theory
increased frustration will lead to increased arousal levels and a drive towards aggression. The aggressive response only occurs when learned cues are present. These cues are a trigger to release aggression. It also states people learn to be aggressive from others.
cues may include; a certain stadium from a rival team, a rival team member etc
describe social learning theory
aggression is a learned response to a situation. Agression is copied from others, especially reinforced. If a role model acts aggressively, which then gets inforced, it is more likely to be copied.
however, it doesnt explain how some people act aggressively if their role models are not aggressive.
observe, identify, reinforce, copy
