Sport psychology (P2) Flashcards
(40 cards)
Define skill
A learned action to bring about the result you want nat with certainty and minimum effort.
Define ability
Trait that determines an individual’s potential to acquire skill. Inherited from parents and remain fairly stable throughout life.
Explain basic skill and give an example
Doesn’t need much thought or decision making to do
-few decisions to be made
-learnt fairly quickly
E.g running
Explain complex skill with an example
Needs lots of thought or decisions making. Taught after experiencing success with basic skill
E.g a somersault in trampolining
Explain gross skill and give an example
Involves powerful movements performed by large muscle groups e.g sprinting, long jump
Explain fine skill and give an example
Uses smaller muscle groups to carry out precise movement that require accuracy and precision
E.g throwing a dart
Define an open skill and give an example
Performed in unstable environment where it’s affected by the people around you.
E.g pass in football
Define a closed skill and give an example
A skill that is always performed the same way in a stable environment
E.g sprinting 100m, pivoting, somersault
Define self-paced skill and give an example
Start of movement, speed and pace is controlled by the performer.
E.g choosing when and how fast to run in long jump
Define externally paced skill and give an example
Start of movement, speed and pace is determined by external factors
E.g gun signalling start of race, making a player in netball
Define performance goals and give an example
Personal standards to be achieved where performers compare themselves against previous attempts.
E.g PB, improve tackle technique
Define outcome goals and give an example
Goals that are focused on end result and performing better than other people
E.g winning, coming second in the tournament
What are the SMART targets with examples using football.
Specific: score 15 goals in a season in football
Measurable: number of goals recorded by coach
Accepted: coach and performer agree
Realistic: previously scored 12 goals in one season
Time-bound: set at start of season and will finish counting at the end
Use the information processing model to explain catching a ball
Input- watch flight of the ball and determining where it is going using selective attention where the performer chooses relevant signal of information
Decision making- chooses a skill (catching a ball) from short term and long term memory from previous successes.
Output- decision choice signal on how you are going to catch is sent to arm muscles.
Feedback- kinaesthetic feedback where you get feedback from receptors in the arm to tell you how well you caught it.
Use the information processing model to explain taking a penalty
Input- use selective attention to block out distraction and noise from the crowd and focus on ball and the goal and the goalkeeper
Decision making- decide on best way to perform penalty based on your previous practice of penalties
Output- your brain sends signals to muscles to tell where to aim the short and how powerful to kick it
Feedback- extrinsic feedback from coach telling you what you did right/ wrong.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance
Advantages:
.can be combined with other types of guidance
.helpful for elite athletes who understand technical language
Disadvantages:
.less useful for beginners who might find it confusing if it uses complicated language
.less useful for complex skills which are difficult to explain
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of visual guidance
Advantages:
.works well for beginners- they can copy the skill
.can be used for closed skills that are always repeated the same way
.slow motion videos can be useful to highlight small details of a skill for elite performers
Disadvantage:
.lessuseful for complex and open skills
.have ti be clear and simple in order to be uesful for beginners
Define manual guidance and give an example
When the coach physically moves your body through the technique.
E.g a coach guiding your arms when practising a golf swing
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of manual guidance
Advantages:
.useful for beginners to get a feel pf a skill before doing it on their own
.helpful for teaching complex skill
Disadvantages:
.a performer could start to rely on it and not be able to do the skill without it
.difficult to use with big groups of learner
Define mechanical guidance and give an example
Guidance using sports equipment.
E.g harness on the trampoline
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical guidance
Advantages:
.useful for beginners as they can feel safe while practicing a new skill
.helpful for teaching complex skills
Disadvantages:
.a learner might be unable to perform the skill without the help of the equipment
.difficult to use in large groups
Define and say who it’s best for:
-Intrinsic
-Extrinsic
Intrinsic= knowing how well you did the technique because of what it felt like. Best for elite performers.
Extrinsic= someone else tells you or shows you what happened and how to improve. Suited for beginners as they don’t have the experience or knowledge accurately assess their own performance.
Define:
-KoP
-KoR
KoP= knowledge of performance- using extrinsic or intrinsic feedback to focus on how successful your movements and techniques were regardless the result. Best for elites.
KoR= knowledge of results- usually using extrinsic feedback and data to focus on the outcome. Best for beginners.
Who is negative feedback best for?
Elites because it can help to motivate them by setting a goal to aim for but for beginners it could be demotivating.
