Anatomy and physiology without musculoskeletal Flashcards
What is oxyhaemoglobin?
Oxygen attached to haemoglobin.
How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
. Moist to absorb gases
. Thin (1 cell thick) for short diffusion pathway
. Large surface area
. Large blood supply
How are capillaries adapted for gas exchange?
1 cell thick.
Explain how diaphragm and intercostal muscles help inspiration?
You breathe in, the diaphragm contract, moving down and flattening. The intercostal muscles contract to move the ribcage upwards and expand the chest cavity. This decreases pressure- decrease gas concentration- in the lung, drawing air in.
Explain how diaphragm and intercostal muscles help expiration?
When you breathe in, the diaphragm relaxes into a dome position. The intercostal muscles relax, moving ribcage down and shrinking the chest cavity. This increases pressure- increase gas concentration-, pushing air out the same way it came in.
Explain gas exchange in the blood and body.
1) In the lungs, carbon dioxide diffusion from capillaries into the alveoli to be breathed out.
2) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to red blood cells in capillaries surrounding it
3) Oxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped to the rest of the body. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped to the lungs.
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air you breathe in or out in one breath.
When does your tidal volume increase?
During exercise
What is your inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?
After a normal breath in, you can still breathe more air in. This extra volume is your inspiratory reserve volume.
What is your expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?
After a normal breath out, you can still breathe out more air. This extra volume is your expiratory reserve volume.
What is residual volume?
After you’ve breathed out as much air as you can, there’s still more air left in your lungs. This is called residual volume.
What measures the volume of air in your lungs?
A spirometer trace.
Explain how muscles aid inspiration during exercise?
As we exercise, the pectoral and sternocleidomastoid muscles support inspiration by allowing the lungs to take in more oxygen.
Explain how muscles aid inspiration during exercise?
As we exercise, the abdominal muscles support expiration by pulling down the ribs down more forcefully so air can be pushed out more quickly.
Does tidal volume increase or decrease during exercise?
Increase
