PEDS, spectator behaviour (P2)

Question 1

What do stimulants do and who would use them?

Answer 1

Affects CNS. Increase physical and mental alertness. Increase reaction time.

Sprinters- to react to the gun

Question 2

What are the negatives of using stimulants?

Answer 2

Can:
.increase blood pressure
.cause heart problems
.be addictive

Question 3

What do beta blockers do and who might use them?

Answer 3

Reduce heart rate and affect of adrenaline. Cancel our the affect of adrenaline. Aids movement requiring control and accuracy.

Darts players, archers

Question 4

What are the negatives of using beta blockers?

Answer 4

Can:
.heart failure
.nausea

Question 5

In what circumstance can beta blockers be allowed?

Answer 5

If prescribed by a medical professional

Question 6

What do anabolic agents do and who might use them?

Answer 6

Mimic testosterone Increase bone and muscle growth. Get stronger. Help with faster recovery.

Sprinters, weightlifters, boxers

Question 7

What are the negatives of using steroids?

Answer 7

Can:
.become more aggressive
.women can grow facial hair
.infertility

Question 8

What are the negatives of using diuretics?

Answer 8

Can:
.cause muscle weakness
.cramp
.heart damage

Question 8

What do diuretics do and who might use them?

Answer 8

Make you lose water weight through urination. Can also mask traces of other banned substances.

Jockeys- reduce weight carried by the horse
People in weight divisions e.g boxers,

Question 9

What is blood doping and who might do it?

Answer 9

Increasing the amounts until of red blood cells in the bloodstream so that more oxygen can get to working muscles. This increases CV endurance.

Long distance runners/swimmers

Question 10

What are the negatives of blood doping?

Answer 10

Can:
.blood thickening (viscosity)
. infections

Question 11

Explain one way of blood doping

Answer 11

Removing blood from an athlete a few weeks before the competition. They would freeze the blood then re-inject it into athlete before competition

Question 12

Why might an athlete use narcotic analgesics?

Answer 12

To numb pain, injuries and fatigue e.g from overtraining

Question 13

What are the negatives for someone using narcotic analgesics?

Answer 13

Can:
.overtrain on an injury making it worse
.be addictive
.cause low blood pressure

Question 14

What is peptide hormones and who might use it?

Answer 14

EPO is a peptide hormone that causes the body to produce more red blood cells increasing oxygen-carrying capacity which allows more oxygen to working muscles- increasing CV endurance

Question 15

What are the advantages of PEDs to a performer?

Answer 15

. Increased chances of success allowing performer to maintain income and keep sponsorship deals
. Might feel that opponents are using PEDs so see it as a way to level the playing field
. Increased fame and wealth

Question 16

What are the disadvantages of PEDs to a performer?

Answer 16

. Health risks and side effects
. Can be fined or banned from sport
. Negative can consequences to reputation, resulting in performer being dropped by sponsors

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of PEDs to the sport/ event?

Answer 17

. Loss of reputation and credibility ability since spectators might question whether achievement are due to skill and ability alone
. Loss of spectators resulting in loss of income from sponsorship and media
. Long term- fewer participants entering sport due to loss of reputation

Question 18

What are the benefits of stimulants?

Answer 18

. Increased alertness
. Quicker reaction time
. Increased aggressiveness
. Masks pain

Question 19

Explain using a sporting example why someone might take narcotic analgesics

Answer 19

Boxers often suffer from pain in this high contact sport such as broken bones and fingers. Using narcotics will allow them to not feel the pain and allow them to fight.

Question 20

What are the advantages of spectators?

Answer 20

. Creates a fun atmosphere- a sense of occasion
. Home side advantages- will be more spectators supporting home team so cheering will encourage the team

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of spectators?

Answer 21

. Can put pressure on teams playing which can decrease their performance
. Hooliganism can ruin an occasion
. Bad behaviour can discourage children spectating which in long term can reduce rates of participation in the sport

Question 22

What is hooliganism?

Answer 22

Violent behaviour which can cause destruction. Usually in crowds.

Question 23

Why might hooliganism occur?

Answer 23

. Drugs can cause uncharacteristic behaviour and alcohol can lead to unusual behaviour leading to aggression
. Derby matches- local rivals playing against each other
. Masculinity- defending territory, an inmate tendency to show displays of violence (hooliganism isn’t always done by males)

Question 24

Give and explain 3 strategies to combat hooliganism and include the disadvantages

Answer 24

. Fan segregation- fans supports ng other teams will be sat in separate sections to stop fighting and disputes between opposing team’s fans
Disadvantages:- loss of revenue for empty seats between the sets of fans

. Improved security at matches and outside stadium- police presence and stewards can control unruly behaviour. Can be a preventative method but can also act on hooliganism
Disadvantages:- can be intimidating to young fans
- high cost to local authority and club

Restricted access to alcohol- football stadiums nowadays usually don’t seel alcohol on grounds. Pubs can be asked to stop selling alcohol
Disadvantages: -loss is revenue to clubs
- loss of revenue to pubs

. Early kick off- scheduled to an earlier time to stop excessive alcohol consumption before match
Disadvantages: -loss of tradition
- loss of revenue if people (especially if away fans travelling far) can’t make it earlier