Sport for Development and Peace Flashcards
How does SDP align with neoliberal thinking?
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How can SDP be a good thing for communities?
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What do we need to do in order to avoid the negative consequences of SDP?
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What are the 2 meanings for development?
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What is the dominant approach to sport as development? What are the critiques of this approach?
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What is the sport for transformation approach?
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Know the difference between sport plus and plus sport models (and which one is better).
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Sport fosters a number of positive benefits:
- self-esteem
- self-efficacy
- confidence
- poise
- health benefits
Main discursive themes in sport culture:
- sacrifice for the game
- strive for perfection
- do not shy away from pain and challenge
- anything is possible
- nearly all exclusively to individuals
It seems sport discourse does obscure ____ benefits.
social
Sport can also reinforce various social ills:
- sexism
- racism
- classism
- ableism
- homophobia
- macho masculinity/hyper-masculinity
- a predilection for war-language, war imagery, and even direct military recruiting
The blind spot to social benefits means that these social ills are …. according to sport discourse. In other words, sport discourse is silent on all these problems because…
- not ‘within the true’
- it claims to be completely independent of and totally unaffected by them (ie. is apolitical)
Sport has a long history of being used for political purposes:
- preparation for war including duty, honour, patriotism, and obedience
- staging nationalist demonstrates power
- enculturation: immigrants introduced to the Canadian way of life through sports
Sport reinforces our current _____ system at the ____ and ____ levels, and hardly anyone thinks twice about this.
- political
- national
- institutional
When individuals attempt to be ____ through sport, often significant ____ result. Athletes are expected to ____ and not _____.
- political
- consequences
- play
- protest
The discourse around sport for development is often heartfelt and earnest, but is _____ and lacking in _____ ____.
- anecdotal
- hard evidence
Most often advocates ardently support the idea that sport can ____ ____, bring _____, and/or assist with ______.
- bridge divides
- peace
- development
How is research on sport for international development biased?
- the goal of many studies is to prove sport works o promote development instead of seeking to understand what sport does in those situations
- form of bias that assumes sport works like this instead of asking whether it does
2 meanings of development:
- individual
- broader systematic meaning
Individual meaning of development:
- help people achieve their potential
- attributes like cooperation, sportsmanship, and competition are valued
- based on normative ideas of personal growth and socialization (eg. age-appropriate personal growth and development of motor-skills and interpersonal skills)
Broader systematic meaning of development:
- often this is conceptualized in terms of western development models that assume neoliberalism is the pinnacle of development
- so programs in some countries try to replicate western models of governance, which can amount to colonialism
- economic development is central here: raise poor countries/people out of poverty through the adoption of western late market capitalist means
In most cases, development is an assumed _____.
positive
But given the different meanings, without exploring the specific meaning and use, development can simply …
contribute to the maintenance of the status quo and miss it’s transformative potential
Sport as development: dominant approach:
- largely uncritical and un-self-conscious
- sport participation is thought to naturally lead to development
- it is inherent in sports
- neoliberal vision of sport
- targets both the problem individual and the problem community
With dominant approach of sport as development, sport is assumed to ____ the playing field by giving individuals and communities a ____ ____ at looking and behaving like those in more _____ settings. So some people and their communities are not _____ ____.
- level
- fair chance
- affluent (and developed)
- fitting in
With dominant approach of sport and development, sport offers the possibility of …… This is _____ and another form of _____.
- making them more like us
- othering
- colonialism
Dominant approach critique: sport are just assumed o do these things:
- eg. basketball makes kids cooperate and communicate because if you don’t you can’t win
- this doesn’t just happen. Needs to be programmed. Too often program leaders are trained in simply the rules of the game or techniques
Sport plus vs plus sport:
plus sport is better at reaching development goals
Double burden:
offer successful athletic activities as well operate sophisticated, self-conscious development programming
Dominant approach critique: a reproductive vision:
- instead of real transformation, it is primarily about sport’s ability to resocialize and recalibrate youth. Serves to maintain power and hierarchy, cultural hegemony, and institutionalization of poverty and privilege
- rather than alter the institutions and practices that can lead to youth disaffection, this enables one class of citizens
- makes situation worse by reinforcing harmful social conditions
A critical alternative:
- focus on the structures that produce the need for development in the first place
- empowerment not recalibration is the goal
- development is not done to or for people, but with people to
5 steps of sport for participation:
- attempt to alter conditions of inequality
- interrogate your own assumptions about sport and development
- include educational components related to social inequality. Focus on much more than just sport
- change the teacher-coach model
- focus on making change not just raising awareness
