Spontaneous Speech + Accents and Dialects Flashcards

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1
Q

Bernstien’s Social Class Theory deficit hypothesis (1971)

A
  • w/c use restricted code
  • while m/c use elaborated code
  • ec is more syntactically complex and has explicit detail
  • rc is colloquial
  • ec is direct and does not need external context to be understood
  • rc does need external context
  • hypothesised that working class children lack success
    due to failure

to acquire the lang of
formal education

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2
Q

Jenny Cheshire: Reading Study (1982)

A
  • non-standard forms/verb form
  • ‘tough local adolescents’
  • study of the linguistic behaviour of the speech of a number of adolescents in adventure playgrounds
  • use language to forge a social identity
  • results: non-standard forms: 55%, formal speech: 25%
  • sound change that women tend to standard ‘prestige’ pronunciations
  • more than the locals subculture which required youngsters to be ‘tough’
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3
Q

Milroy: Language Variation and Social Network (Belfast)

A

key terms:
- multiplex
- uniplex
- dense

key findings:
- Ballymacarett
- Hammer
- Clonard

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4
Q

continuation: Milroy

A
  • an area of high male employment
  • women were force to find work outside of the immediate community
  • an area of high male unemployment
  • a catholic community in a protestant area
  • high male unemployment but more female employment
  • strong adherence to the non-standard forms
  • hammer and clonard have low non-standard forms for men due to employment of men
  • clonard: low status community. women have highest non-standard features due to social exclusion
  • women in all three communities had lower use of non/standard forms than men. they began to losses, more uniplex social networks
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5
Q

Peter Trudgill: Stratification (-ing) study (1974)

A
  • stratification: the arrangement or classification of something into different groups
  • dropping the ‘g’ in Norwich
  • five different social class’ 60 subjects
    -lower m/c most likely to drop ‘g’ but more careful with speech
  • women are more oriented towards high ‘prestige’ supposed linguists forms
  • increase in non-standard forms in informal styles
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6
Q

spoken language features: spontaneous speech

A
  1. interruptions
  2. interventions
  3. overlaps
  4. false starts
  5. hesitations
  6. fillers
  7. hedges
  8. disgressions
  9. deletion/ellipsis
  10. phatic speech
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7
Q

spontaneous speech continuation:

A
  1. repetitions
  2. incompleteness
  3. replacement of words
  4. nicknames and address terms
  5. courtesy items
  6. abbreviations
  7. contractions
    18.slang
  8. diexis
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8
Q

Paul Grice (1975) - The Cooperation Principle

A
  • quality: speak the truth
  • quantity: not too informative
  • manner: be clear
  • relevance: stick to the topic
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9
Q

Labov: Martha’s Vineyard

A
  • investigate ‘au’ and ‘ai’
  • 69 people of different ages, ethnicity and social groups
  • those who wanted to be identified as natives used by centralised pronunciations and diphthongs
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10
Q

Labov: Language In The Inner City (1972)

A
  • 3 stores in NYC
  • asks questions on where something is and they replied 4th floor every time
  • acts like he didn’t hear and asks to repeat
  • the speech stops becoming spontaneous and more conscious
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