Spontaneous Speech + Accents and Dialects Flashcards
1
Q
Bernstien’s Social Class Theory deficit hypothesis (1971)
A
- w/c use restricted code
- while m/c use elaborated code
- ec is more syntactically complex and has explicit detail
- rc is colloquial
- ec is direct and does not need external context to be understood
- rc does need external context
- hypothesised that working class children lack success
due to failure
to acquire the lang of
formal education
2
Q
Jenny Cheshire: Reading Study (1982)
A
- non-standard forms/verb form
- ‘tough local adolescents’
- study of the linguistic behaviour of the speech of a number of adolescents in adventure playgrounds
- use language to forge a social identity
- results: non-standard forms: 55%, formal speech: 25%
- sound change that women tend to standard ‘prestige’ pronunciations
- more than the locals subculture which required youngsters to be ‘tough’
3
Q
Milroy: Language Variation and Social Network (Belfast)
A
key terms:
- multiplex
- uniplex
- dense
key findings:
- Ballymacarett
- Hammer
- Clonard
4
Q
continuation: Milroy
A
- an area of high male employment
- women were force to find work outside of the immediate community
- an area of high male unemployment
- a catholic community in a protestant area
- high male unemployment but more female employment
- strong adherence to the non-standard forms
- hammer and clonard have low non-standard forms for men due to employment of men
- clonard: low status community. women have highest non-standard features due to social exclusion
- women in all three communities had lower use of non/standard forms than men. they began to losses, more uniplex social networks
5
Q
Peter Trudgill: Stratification (-ing) study (1974)
A
- stratification: the arrangement or classification of something into different groups
- dropping the ‘g’ in Norwich
- five different social class’ 60 subjects
-lower m/c most likely to drop ‘g’ but more careful with speech - women are more oriented towards high ‘prestige’ supposed linguists forms
- increase in non-standard forms in informal styles
6
Q
spoken language features: spontaneous speech
A
- interruptions
- interventions
- overlaps
- false starts
- hesitations
- fillers
- hedges
- disgressions
- deletion/ellipsis
- phatic speech
7
Q
spontaneous speech continuation:
A
- repetitions
- incompleteness
- replacement of words
- nicknames and address terms
- courtesy items
- abbreviations
- contractions
18.slang - diexis
8
Q
Paul Grice (1975) - The Cooperation Principle
A
- quality: speak the truth
- quantity: not too informative
- manner: be clear
- relevance: stick to the topic
9
Q
Labov: Martha’s Vineyard
A
- investigate ‘au’ and ‘ai’
- 69 people of different ages, ethnicity and social groups
- those who wanted to be identified as natives used by centralised pronunciations and diphthongs
10
Q
Labov: Language In The Inner City (1972)
A
- 3 stores in NYC
- asks questions on where something is and they replied 4th floor every time
- acts like he didn’t hear and asks to repeat
- the speech stops becoming spontaneous and more conscious