Language and Gender Flashcards
1
Q
Deficit Model: Robin Lakeoff
A
- Non-standard dialects or language variety are weaker in their language.
2
Q
Difference Model: Deborah Tannen
A
- concept of genderlect
- Her theory demonstrates how both genders can be different in communication without being seen as unequal
- Men often use language to assert dominance and women to build relationships and rapport.
3
Q
Continuation: Difference Model
A
- male genderlect uses communication to:
- Exchange info
- show independence
- show status
- female genderlect uses communication to:
- Network
- Connect
- Develop intimacy
4
Q
Diversity Model: Deborah Cameron
A
- The Myth of Mars and Venus
- the idea that sex differences might have biological than social causes
- much similarities between each gender as there is between men and women
- argues the linguistic differences are the need to construct and project personal, meaning and identity.
5
Q
Dominance Model: Robin Lakeoff
A
- she argues that the
features of language used by women are ‘weaker’ and more uncertain than the language used by men
6
Q
Difference between sex and gender:
A
- sex is the biological attributes and how they are expressed
- gender is socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities
7
Q
What is Heteronormativity?
A
- is what makes heteorsexuality seem coherent, natural and privileged
8
Q
What is Hegemony? (political theory)
A
- leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others
9
Q
Judith Butler: Performativity Theory
A
- argues that gender is fluid.
- meaning that the performace of gender is what makes gender exist.
10
Q
What is Polari?
A
- a gay slang language, which has almost died out.
- was used to skirt the UK’s skirt anti-homosexual laws.
11
Q
Feminists perspective:
A
- radicals: placed great emphasis on the patriarchal history of marriage.
- marxists: were not opposed to either family or marriage.
12
Q
What is Epicene?
A
- having characteristics of both sexes or no characteristics of either sex.
13
Q
Linguistic Reflectionism:
A
- suggests that language simply reflects the needs, views and opinions of it’s others.
14
Q
Linguistic Determinism:
A
- suggests that language determines the way a person sees the world.
15
Q
Anthropomorphism:
A
- the attribution of human characteristics or behaviour to a God, animal or object.
16
Q
Tautology:
A
- the saying of the same thing twice over in different words, generally considered to be a fault of style
17
Q
Marking:
A
- identifying something as different from the norm
18
Q
Corpus Studies:
A
- a study of language in use across a HUGE database of real-world texts.
19
Q
Connotations:
A
- negative/positive ideas and feelings associated with word or phrase on top of dictionary definition.
20
Q
collocations:
A
- words that appear alongside each other in discourse more often than can be down to mere chance like pairings of words and phrases.
21
Q
Pamela Fisherman: The Dominance Theory
A
- focus on tag questions, women use more than men
- Females use questions to start convos while men use it to continue and sustain dialogue
