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Year 3 - Neurology and tissue dynamics > Spondylolysis > Flashcards

Spondylolysis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main classifications of spondylolysis?

A

Developmental and acquired

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of lower back pain (LBP) in young athletes?

A

Spondylolysis

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3
Q

What is spondylolisthesis?

A

Forward slipping of a vertebra compared to the next vertebra

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4
Q

Where does spondylolysis most commonly occur?

A

L5 level

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5
Q

At what level does spondylolysis occur 5-15% of the time?

A

L4

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6
Q

What structure is affected in spondylolysis?

A

Pars interarticularis

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7
Q

What is the role of the pars interarticularis?

A

Connects the upper and lower facet joints of the vertebra

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8
Q

What age does the pars interarticularis typically mature?

A

Around 25 years

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9
Q

What is the typical gender ratio for spondylolysis?

A

Males > females (2:1)

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10
Q

Name two risk factors for spondylolysis.

A

Repetitive hyperextension, spina bifida occulta

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11
Q

What sports are commonly associated with spondylolysis?

A

Gymnastics, football, hockey, dance

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12
Q

What percentage of athletes are affected by spondylolysis by age 18?

A

0.11

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13
Q

What findings on X-rays confirm spondylolysis?

A

PA, lateral, dynamic, or oblique views

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14
Q

What is a common symptom of spondylolysis during lumbar extension?

A

Acute pain

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15
Q

What type of muscle tightness is often seen in spondylolysis?

A

Reduced hamstring length

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16
Q

What is a common management strategy for acute spondylolysis?

A

Rest for 4-6 weeks

17
Q

When is an urgent referral necessary for spondylolysis?

A

If neurological compromise is evident

18
Q

What is the standard rehabilitation approach after rest for spondylolysis?

A

Graded return to exercise and strengthening

19
Q

What exercises are commonly recommended in spondylolysis rehab?

A

Pilates and progressive strengthening

20
Q

How does excessive lordosis contribute to spondylolysis?

A

Increases stress on the lower back

21
Q

What percentage of preadolescents and adolescent athletes with LBP is due to spondylolysis?

A

40-50%

22
Q

What diagnostic method is often used to assess vertebral stability in spondylolysis?

A

Dynamic and oblique X-rays

23
Q

What is the difference between unilateral and bilateral pars stress fractures?

A

Bilateral fractures are more likely to progress to spondylolisthesis

24
Q

How is pain from spondylolysis typically described?

A

Acute or insidious lower back pain

25
Q

What additional conditions are risk factors for spondylolysis?

A

Scoliosis, Scheuermann’s disease

Year 3 - Neurology and tissue dynamics (15 decks)

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