Spondylolysis Flashcards
What are the two main classifications of spondylolysis?
Developmental and acquired
What is the most common cause of lower back pain (LBP) in young athletes?
Spondylolysis
What is spondylolisthesis?
Forward slipping of a vertebra compared to the next vertebra
Where does spondylolysis most commonly occur?
L5 level
At what level does spondylolysis occur 5-15% of the time?
L4
What structure is affected in spondylolysis?
Pars interarticularis
What is the role of the pars interarticularis?
Connects the upper and lower facet joints of the vertebra
What age does the pars interarticularis typically mature?
Around 25 years
What is the typical gender ratio for spondylolysis?
Males > females (2:1)
Name two risk factors for spondylolysis.
Repetitive hyperextension, spina bifida occulta
What sports are commonly associated with spondylolysis?
Gymnastics, football, hockey, dance
What percentage of athletes are affected by spondylolysis by age 18?
0.11
What findings on X-rays confirm spondylolysis?
PA, lateral, dynamic, or oblique views
What is a common symptom of spondylolysis during lumbar extension?
Acute pain
What type of muscle tightness is often seen in spondylolysis?
Reduced hamstring length
What is a common management strategy for acute spondylolysis?
Rest for 4-6 weeks
When is an urgent referral necessary for spondylolysis?
If neurological compromise is evident
What is the standard rehabilitation approach after rest for spondylolysis?
Graded return to exercise and strengthening
What exercises are commonly recommended in spondylolysis rehab?
Pilates and progressive strengthening
How does excessive lordosis contribute to spondylolysis?
Increases stress on the lower back
What percentage of preadolescents and adolescent athletes with LBP is due to spondylolysis?
40-50%
What diagnostic method is often used to assess vertebral stability in spondylolysis?
Dynamic and oblique X-rays
What is the difference between unilateral and bilateral pars stress fractures?
Bilateral fractures are more likely to progress to spondylolisthesis
How is pain from spondylolysis typically described?
Acute or insidious lower back pain
What additional conditions are risk factors for spondylolysis?
Scoliosis, Scheuermann’s disease
