Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards
What forms the outer mantle and inner core of the cerebral hemispheres?
Outer mantle: gray matter; inner core: white matter
How is the surface area of each cerebral hemisphere maximized?
Through convolutions (~1 m² per hemisphere)
What structure separates the cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissure
What fibers connect the two hemispheres?
Commissural fibers (corpus callosum)
Name the components of the diencephalon.
Epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus
What are the primary functions of the ventricular system?
CSF production, transport, and removal; brain cushioning; buoyancy
What type of cells line the ventricles and produce CSF?
Ependymal cells
Where are the lateral ventricles located?
In the hemispheres, projecting into the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes
Which ventricle connects to the lateral ventricles via the foramen of Monro?
Third ventricle
Where does the fourth ventricle drain CSF?
Into the spinal canal and subarachnoid cisterns
Name the three components of the brainstem.
Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
What vital functions does the brainstem control?
Respiration, cardiovascular regulation, consciousness
Where is the cerebellum located?
Below the pons
What are the three lobes of the cerebellum?
Flocculonodular, anterior, posterior
Which cerebellar lobe is responsible for balance and spatial awareness?
Flocculonodular lobe
What are the primary functions of the frontal lobe?
Emotional control, personality, higher cognition, motor function
How does the left frontal lobe differ from the right in terms of function?
Left: Language-related movement; Right: Non-verbal abilities
What does the temporal lobe process?
Auditory information and memory encoding
Name one symptom of temporal lobe damage.
Memory and language comprehension impairments
Where is the parietal lobe located?
Behind the frontal lobe, above the temporal lobe
What is a primary function of the parietal lobe?
Sensory integration and spatial awareness
What condition might result from a lesion in the right parietal lobe?
Contralateral neglect
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Visual processing
Where is the primary visual cortex located?
Brodmann Area 17 (calcarine sulcus)
What separates the occipital lobe from the rest of the brain?
Cerebral fissure
