Pain Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of pain includes post-operative pain, mechanical lower back pain, and arthritis?

A

Nociceptive pain

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2
Q

Name a few conditions categorized as neuropathic pain.

A

Post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, CRPSII

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3
Q

What does the biomedical model state about pain?

A

Pain reflects underlying disease or tissue damage

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4
Q

Where is the ‘gate’ located in the gate control theory of pain?

A

Dorsal horn of the spinal cord

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5
Q

Which fibers transmit non-painful stimuli like touch?

A

A-beta fibers

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6
Q

What closes the ‘gate’ in the gate control theory?

A

Activation of large-diameter fibers by non-painful stimuli

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7
Q

What neurotransmitters are involved in the brain’s descending pain pathway?

A

Serotonin and endorphins

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8
Q

How does rubbing a bruised area help reduce pain?

A

Activates large fibers, closing the ‘gate’

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9
Q

What is an interoceptive sensation related to pain?

A

Protection of injured tissues

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10
Q

What is physiological pain initiated by?

A

Nociceptors responding to noxious stimuli

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11
Q

Define neuronal plasticity.

A

The brain’s ability to change structure/function in response to stimuli

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12
Q

What happens to neurons detecting pain during chronic pain?

A

They display plasticity, altering function and structure

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13
Q

What causes nociceptive pain?

A

Ongoing activation of the nervous system by tissue injury

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14
Q

How does somatic pain differ from visceral pain?

A

Somatic pain arises from MSK tissues, visceral from internal organs

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15
Q

What is transduction in nociception?

A

Detection of noxious stimuli by nociceptors

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16
Q

What is the role of modulation in pain perception?

A

Suppressing or facilitating second-order neuron responses

17
Q

What is peripheral sensitization?

A

Increased responsiveness of nociceptors to stimuli

18
Q

What is central sensitization?

A

Enhanced response of CNS nociceptive neurons to input

19
Q

Define hyperalgesia.

A

Exaggerated response to painful stimuli

20
Q

Define allodynia.

A

Pain from non-painful stimuli

21
Q

What fibers are involved in fast pain transmission?

A

A-delta fibers

22
Q

What fibers are responsible for slow pain?

23
Q

Name one condition that exemplifies central sensitization.

24
Q

What is the conduction phase in nociception?

A

Sensory input traveling from peripheral terminals to the spinal cord

25
How does aging impair pain sensation?
Decline in fast pain fiber function
26
What causes expansion of the receptive field in chronic pain?
Central sensitization
27
What neurochemical process can lead to chronic pain?
Persistent neuronal plasticity
28
How does TENS reduce pain?
Stimulates large fibers to block pain signals
29
What increases conduction velocity in peripheral nerve fibers?
Myelination
30
What is the primary function of nociceptors?
Detect noxious or damaging stimuli