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Bacti Exam 3 > Spirochetes > Flashcards

Spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

Spirochete Morphology

A

Endoflagella/Axial filaments- in periplastic space

moves by translational, rotating, flexing motion

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2
Q

Brachyspira: general

A

Gram (-), beta-hemolytic, oxygen tolerant anaerobe, loosely coiled

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3
Q

Brachyspira: Infects

A

Grower/finisher pigs (8-16 weeks).

Can infect multiple species

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4
Q

B. hyodysentreriae causes

A

Swine dysentery, pigs 6-12 weeks

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5
Q

B pilosicoli causes

A

intenstinal spirochetosis in animals and humans

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6
Q

Brachyspira: virulence factors

A

Cytotoxin/hemolysin

LPS

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7
Q

Brachyspira: transmission

A

Fecal-oral

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8
Q

Brachyspira: Pathogenesis

A

Synergisism with normal colon flora, disrupts colonic epithelium, edema/hemorrhage
Death via dehydration
Thrombosis possible by bacterial endotoxins

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9
Q

Brachyspira: Clinical signs

A

Lesions only in large intestine, sharp lines of demarcation. Fibrinonecrotic pseudomembranous colitis
Bloody diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss. Mortality ~40%

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10
Q

Brachyspira: Diagnosis

A

Direct staining of feces or tissues with Wright’s Giemsa, victoria blue stain
Anaerobic culture, PCR, silver staining with Histo

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11
Q

Brachyspira must be differentiated from ___

A

Salmonellosis

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12
Q

Brachyspira: Treatment

A

Tiamulin, Tylosin, Gentamicin
Infected animals develop immunity
Whole cell bacterin vaccines

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13
Q

Treponema brennabroense has been isolated in causing

A

Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD)

a.k.a- Hairy heel warts, strawberry foot disease

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14
Q

PDD: clinical signs

A

foot lesions, lameness, decreased milk production, decreased repro

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15
Q

PDD: treatment

A

spraying feet with tetracycline

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16
Q

Treponema paraluis-cuniculi- causes

A

Rabbit syphilis or Vent disease

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17
Q

Treponema paraluis-cuniculi: clinical signs

A

perineal and facial lesions, epidermal hyperplasia, erosions, ulcers

18
Q

TPC: transmission

A

direct or venereal contact

19
Q

Borrelia: general

A

transmitted by arthropod

linear chromosome

20
Q

B. burgdorferi causes

A

Lyme disease

21
Q

Borrelia Virulence factors

A

LPS

OSP- antigen variation in major outer surface lipoproteins

22
Q

Lyme disease is transmitted by

A

Ixodes spp. requires ~50 hrs of attachment

most common vector borne disease

23
Q

Lyme: pathogenesis

A

Inoculated in the skin, spread via BS to all over the body

Incubation 2-6 months

24
Q

Common first sign of lyme in humans

A

skin rash- often in “Bull’s eye” shape

25
Q

Canine Lyme is usually subclinical ___ % of the time

26
Q

Lyme clinical signs

A

fever, acute arthritis, arthralgia, lameness

also seen is anorexia, lethargy, depression

27
Q

Lyme Diagnosis

A

Direct detection, Culture (slow), serology

western blot, SNAP, ELISAm paired titer

28
Q

Lyme treatment

A

Doxycycline, vector control. Lyme vaccine (reduces incidence, does not prevent disease)

29
Q

Leptospira: classification

A

> 250 serovars based on carbohydrate component of LPS

30
Q

Leptospira is found in

A

Renal and genital tracts of revservoirs (rats)

short survival in environment

31
Q

Leptospira: virulence factors

A

Cell asso.- endoflagella, outer membrane proteins, LPS

Extracell- hemolysins, protein cytotoxins

32
Q

Leptospiro: clinical signs

A

acute fibrile illness, renal/hepatic injury, uvenitis, pul. hemorrhage, abortion, icterus

33
Q

Leptospiro: diagonsis

A

detect agent- darkfield microscopy, PCR
Detect host response- microscopic aggulation test (Gold standard), ELISA
Culture normally not preformed

34
Q

Mortality runs about ___% of the time and ____% of survivors suffer from chronic renal failure

A

Mortality: 11-27%
Renal: 33-40%

35
Q

3 ideal samples to detect lepto

A

Blood, urine, Serum

36
Q

Lepto: treatment

A

Supportive care, antimicrobials,
Penicillins- acute stage
Doxycyclines- minimize carriers
Vaccine

37
Q

Lepto in ruminants: clinical signs

A

high fever, anemia, hemoglobinuria, jaundice

“Milk drop syndrome”- less severe form

38
Q

L. borgpetersennii causes

A

repro failure in cattle

39
Q

Lepto in ruminants: treatment

A

tetracyclines, ceftiofur

borgipetersenii vaccine

40
Q

Lepto in horses

A

abortions and systemic illness in foals, renal failure

role in Equine recurrent uveitis

41
Q

Lepto in humans

A

most widespread zoonotic disease
flu-like illness
severe- Weil’s disease (LPHA): renal/hepatic failure

Bacti Exam 3 (7 decks)

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