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Bacti Exam 3 > Rickettsiales > Flashcards

Rickettsiales Flashcards

1
Q

Rickettsiales: General

A

Obligate intracellular

Gram Negative

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2
Q

Anaplasma: general

A

small coccoid- ellipsoid
seen as single or morulae (bacterial packets)
may cause anemia, throbocytopenia, leukopenia

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3
Q

Anaplasma found in

A

cytoplasmic vacuoles of myeloid cells, neutrophils, erythrocytes

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4
Q

A. marginale: transmission

A

Biological- hard ticks

Mechanical- athropods, less significant

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5
Q

A. marginale: Infects

A

Wild deer and domestic species
Bovine Anaplasmosis
Reportable diseases

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6
Q

A. marginale: Clinical signs

A

Anemia, icterus, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, depression, fever, anorexia

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7
Q

Bovine anaplasmosis causes ___ mortality in cattle > 3 years of age.

A

~50%

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8
Q

Bovine anaplasmosis: diagnosis

A

Blood stains- purple structures near edge of RBC in Giemsa stains
molecular tests, serology

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9
Q

Bovine anaplasmosis: Treatment

A

Tetracyclines

Vaccine, vector control

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10
Q

A. phagocytophilum: Also known as

A

human, equine, canine granulocytic anaplasmosis

Tick-borne fever

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11
Q

A. phagocytophilum: reservoirs

A

Rodents, and wildlife (deer)
East- white-footed mouse and deer tick
West- black-legged tick

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12
Q

Tick-borne fever is commonly associated with ___ (disease)

A

Tick pyemia (staph infection)

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13
Q

A. phagocytophilum: pathogeneis

A

infection of neutrophils and eosinophils

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14
Q

A. phagocytophilum: Clinical signs

A

fever, depression, anorexia, ataxia, leukopenia, abortions, icterus
immunosuppression
hepatitis, splenomegaly, arthritis, paracortical hyperplasia of lymph nodes

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15
Q

A. phagocytophilum: Diagnosis

A

Giemsa or wright’s stained blood smear

leukemic cell culture, serology, molecular

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16
Q

A. platys causes

A

Infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia

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17
Q

A. platys: Clinical signs

A

1-2 week cycles

fever, lethargy, anemia, petechia, epistaxis, lymphadenopathy

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18
Q

A. platys often has co-infections with __

A

Ehrlichia canis

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19
Q

A. platys: transmission

A

Reservoirs as well

Rhipicephalus and Dermacentor

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20
Q

A. platys: diagnosis

A

Giemsa blood smear- seen in platelets

IFA, PCR

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21
Q

Rickettsiae: general

A

0.5-1 um, Gram (-), non-motile bacteria

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22
Q

R. rickettsii causes

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

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23
Q

R. rickettsii: transmission

A

ixodes ticks- transovarial and transtadial

Dermacentor

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24
Q

R. rickettsii: pathogenesis

A

infects vascular endothelium

Necrosis, vasculitis, hemorrhages, edema, thrombosis, dyspnea

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25
Q

R. rickettsii: clinical signs

A

high fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, petechia/ecchymotic, edema, tenderness, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
severe- necrosis of extremities (fatal)

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26
Q

R. rickettsii: diagnosis

A

Culture- embyonated yolks, cell (need glutamate)

immunofluorescence and ELISA, PCR

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27
Q

R. rickettsii: treatment

A

chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines

aggressive supportive therapy and steroids, tick control

28
Q

Coxiella burnetii in humans

A

Q-fever

Reportable diseases

29
Q

Coxiella burnetii: transmission

A

aerosol, mechanically

direct contact with milk products, feces, repro discharges

30
Q

Coxiella burnetii: Pathogenesis

A

infection of vascular, renal, and reproductive epithelia

splenomegaly, hepatitis, fever

31
Q

Coxiella burnetii: Immunity

A

whole cell killed vaccine

Phase I and II

32
Q

Coxiella burnetii: diagnosis

A

Tissue stains- gimenez, giemsa, Ziehl Neelsen

culture in cell or egg, serology, PCR

33
Q

Coxiella burnetii: Treatment

A

antimicrobials are not effective

Chloroquine and Tetracycline

34
Q

Ehrlichiae: general

A

WBC obilgate intracellular

multiply in intracellular vesicles

35
Q

Ehrilichia canis: causes

A

canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

36
Q

Ehrilichia canis: transmission

A

Brown dog tick

37
Q

Ehrilichia canis: Acute clinical signs

A

Pancytopenia

fever, malaise, depression, inappetance, weighloss, lymphadenopathy, epitaxis

38
Q

Ehrilichia canis: Chronic clinical signs

A

Dyspnea, enlarged spleen, liver, and lymph nodes

polyarthritis, CNS signs, pulmonary infiltration

39
Q

Ehrilichia canis: diagnosis

A

Giemsa- stained buffy coat

culture, IFA, PCR

40
Q

Ehrilichia canis: treatment

A

tetracyclines and imidocarb in acute
doxycycline in late stage - poor prognosis
Tick control

41
Q

E. chaffeensis: features

A

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis
American dog tick (Dermacentor)
reservoir- deer

42
Q

E. ewingii: features

A

canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis

Lone star tick (Amblyoma americanum

43
Q

E. ruminantium: causes

A

African heartwater

reportable disease

44
Q

E. ruminantium: transmission

A

only by parental intro into blood, Amblyomma

45
Q

E. ruminantium: replication

A

replicates in reticuloendothelial cells

46
Q

E. ruminantium: clinical signs

A

Per- fever and sudden death
A- fever and CNS signs, death in 2-10 days, mortality 6-80%
Sub- hydropericardium, hydrothorax, congestion, splenomegaly, hemorrhage

47
Q

E. ruminantium: diagnosis

A

giemsa-stain

molecular and serology

48
Q

E. ruminantium: treatment

A

tetracyclines

tick control, vaccine

49
Q

Neorickettsia: general

A

small, non-motile, coccoid, intracytoplasmic, Gram negative

cannot be cultivated in cell-free media or embryo eggs

50
Q

Neorickettsia: vectors

A

Flukes

51
Q

Neorickettsia helminthoeca causes

A

Salmon poisoning disease

mild form- Elokomin fluke fever

52
Q

N. helminthoeca: Pathogenesis

A

Infects lymphoreticular tissues- LN, peyer’s patches

Target- canine mononuclear cells

53
Q

Only obligatory helminth-borne pathogenic bacterium

A

Nanophyetus salmincola

by transovarial passage

54
Q

N. helminthoeca: Clinical signs

A

Hemorrhagic diarrhea, lymphadenopathy

fever, depression, dehydration, anorexia, weightloss

55
Q

N. helminthoeca: diagnosis

A

Fluke detection

IFA, PCR

56
Q

N. helminthoeca: treatment

A

supportive care, tetracyclines, penicillin G
do not allow consumption of raw fish, no vaccine
recovered animals are immune

57
Q

N. (Ehrlichia) risticii causes

A

Potomac horse fever

a.k.a- Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis, Equine scours

58
Q

N. (Ehrlichia) risticii: target cells

A

monocytes, tissue macrophages, intestinal epithelial cells

59
Q

N. (Ehrlichia) risticii: clinical signs

A

acute, watery diarrhea
fever, anorexia, mild colic, depression, dehydration, laminitis, leukopenia
mortality: 5-30%

60
Q

N. (Ehrlichia) risticii: diagnosis

A

History, wright-stained blood smears

IFA, ELISA, PCR

61
Q

N. (Ehrlichia) risticii: treatment

A

vaccine is questionable

tetracyclines, oxytetracyclines

62
Q

Aegyptianella pullorum causes

A

Aegyptianellosis

affects poultry and wild birds

63
Q

A. pullorum: vectors

A

Argus ticks

64
Q

A. pullorum: Clinical signs

A

ruffled feathers, anorexia, diarrhea, anemia, hyperthermia

hepatosplenomegaly, punctiform hemorrhage

65
Q

A. pullorum: treatement

A

tetracyclines

tick control

Bacti Exam 3 (7 decks)

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