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Bacti Exam 3 > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

Mycobacterium: general

A

Gram (+), acid fast positve
discovered by Robert Koch
contain mycolic acid

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2
Q

Mycolic acids assists in

A

Acid fast staining
drug, chemical, environment resistance
immunomodulating activities
prevent phagocytic killing

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3
Q

Types of acid fast stain

A

Ziehl-Neelson
Kinyons
Auramine Rhodamine

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4
Q

The majority of mycobacterium are ___ pathogens

A

Opportunistic

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5
Q

Can ID mycobacterium by

A

growth patterns
Biochemical patterns
total cell fatty acid analysis
nucleic acid detection/PCR

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6
Q

Virulence factors

A

Mycolic acid containing cell wall lipids- surviving in macrophages, stimulate cytokine prod., immunomodulating effects
Cell protein antigens- do not play big role in disease

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7
Q

Exception to Cell protein antigen being pathogentic

A

M. ulcerans- mycolactone/macrolide toxins

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8
Q

Main reservoir of M. tuberculosis

A

Humans

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9
Q

Multi-drug resistant TB is resistant to at least

A

Isoniazid and rifampin

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10
Q

cause of zoonotic TB is

A

M. bovis

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11
Q

M. bovis: transmission

A

ingestion, inhalation, possibly by mucous membranes and broken skin
Main portal of entry is GIT

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12
Q

T or F

M. bovis has long survival term in environment

A

False

only survives a few weeks outside host

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13
Q

Other species with high prevalence of M. bovis

A

Cervids, badgers in UK, Feral brush tail possums in New zealand

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14
Q

M. bovis: clinical signs

A

Signs vary greatly, enlarged regional lymph nodes, Cachexia, pulmonary forms with chronic cough

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15
Q

TB in humans was known as

A

Consumption

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16
Q

M. bovis: pathogenesis

A

pyogranulomatous lesions in any organ

bacilli are phagocytosed by macrophages, casenous necrosis in center of lesion

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17
Q

casenous lesions of necrosis are surrounded by ___

A

multinucleated giant cells (Langhan’s cells)

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18
Q

Granulomas form as a result of ___ ____ immune response

A

Cell-mediated immune response- tubercle

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19
Q

Common later stage lesions are called

A

tuberculosis cavitary lesions

20
Q

M. bovis: diagnostic tests

A

Tuberculin hypersensitivity skin lesions
Caudal fold tuberculin test
comparative cervical tuberculin skin test
interferon gamma release assay, necropsy, imaging, culture

21
Q

M. Bovis: treatment

A

not practical or efficacious
anti-tubercular drugs
single drugs use is limited

22
Q

Elements of bovine TB eradication programs

A

disease surveillance, pre and post moving test, cull positive animals, wildlife control

23
Q

Mycobacterium leprae causes

A

Leprosy or Hansen’s disease

24
Q

Only known reservoir for M. leprae is ___

A

nine-banded armadillo

25
Q

Paucibacillary

A

Tuberculoid leprosy, few AFB

cell mediated immune response, small number of bacteria

26
Q

Multibacillary

A

Lepromatous leprosy

no cell mediated response, severe disease with numerous AFB

27
Q

Leprosy general features

A

Chronic granulomatous debilitating disease

numbing skin lesions, nerve thickening, tissue sloughing

28
Q

Leprosy transmission

A

nasal secretions

29
Q

M. lepraemurium

A

Feline and murine leprosy

30
Q

M. lepraemurium: pathology

A

Granulomatous Dermatitis Panniculitis
single or multiple SQ nodules and ulcerated lesions
fastidious organism (hard to culture)

31
Q

M. lepraemurium: diagnosis

A

Direct staining- Geimsa or acid fast

culture, biopsy/histo, PCR

32
Q

In Geimsa or Gram stain ____ stained bacilli are seen

A

Negative stained organisms

33
Q

M. lepraemurium: Treatment

A

surgical excision (difficult), Rifampin, Clarithromycin, Clofasimine- long term (intracellular)

34
Q

In dogs, ____ is effective drug

A

Doxcycline

35
Q

M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

A

Johne’s disease in ruminants

36
Q

Johne’s bacterium is found in

A

soil and water (even treated)

37
Q

Johne’s primary host

A

Cattle

also infects sheep, goats, llamas, alpacas, deer

38
Q

Johne’s disease: pathogenesis

A

chronic, progressive granulomatous enteritis

39
Q

Johne’s effect spread is known as ___

A

Iceberg effect

1 animal maybe clinically affected with several more subclinically affected

40
Q

Johne’s disease: clinical signs

A

Diarrhea, weight loss, bottle jaw, thickened ileal mucosa, enteritis

41
Q

Johne’s: Gold standard test

A

Direct fecal culture on Herrold’s egg yolk medium

difficult, long (16 weeks)

42
Q

Johne’s: diagnosis

A

PCR, ELISA, biopsy of tissue, Johnin skin test

43
Q

Johne’s: contol

A

removing infected, management to reduce infection

antimicrobial treatment not recommended

44
Q

Johne’s disease incubation period can last up to __

A

2 years

young animals are the most susceptible

45
Q

Johne’s ELISA can result in false negatives in advanced stages due to __

A

Anergy

Bacti Exam 3 (7 decks)

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