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CHES Exam > Spiral - Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Spiral - Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Define cultural competence

A

The ability of health organizations and practitioners to recognize the cultural beliefs, values, attitudes, traditions, language preferences, and health preferences of diverse populations and to apply that knowledge to produce a positive health outcome

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1
Q

Define culture

A

Ideas, beliefs, values, customs, and norms that are learned from family and community and are passed down from generation to generation

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2
Q

Define health literacy

A

The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions

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3
Q

Define implementation

A

The process of putting a project, service, or program into effect. In implementation, one seeks to accomplish the setting up, management, and execution of the project

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4
Q

Define Intervention

A

A program. A set of learning activities, delivery plan, and evaluation activities designed to achieve the desired outcomes of the program. An intervention is a specific component of a more comprehensive program

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5
Q

Define intervention strategy

A

A specific technique or approach used in an intervention to get the desired outcome

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6
Q

Define learning activities

A

The means used to carry out the program. These are the instructional sessions that will address the learning objectives

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7
Q

Define plain language

A

A strategy for making written and oral information easier to understand. It is an important tool for improving health literacy

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8
Q

Define program

A

The FULL RANGE of components required to bring about the intended changes in health and social outcomes

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9
Q

Define tailored message

A

Any combination of information and behavior change strategies intended to reach one specific person or group, based on characteristics UNIQUE TO THAT PERSON, related to the outcome of interest, and derived from an INDIVIDUAL ASSESSMENT

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10
Q

Define targeted message

A

Intended to reach some specific SUBGROUP OF THE GENERAL POPULATION, usually based on a set of DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS shared by its members

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11
Q

What is a pilot test/field test?

A

Trial run of the program on a small scale conducted with individuals of the priority population in the same setting and delivered as intended in the full program

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12
Q

What is phasing-in?

A

Offering the program in increments rather than all at once. It is NOT considered a trial run. You can phase in by limiting the number of participants, locations, or interventions offered.

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13
Q

What is total implementation?

A

When the entire program begins at the same time

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14
Q

What is LEP?

A

Limited English Proficiency - Can affect health literacy.

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15
Q

What are some types of literacy?

A

Quantitative literacy, document literacy, computer literacy, health literacy, media literacy, and prose literacy. Consider preferred media sources!

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16
Q

How should you communicate health info to people with LEP?

A

Plainly, in their primary language, using words and examples that make the information understandable. Match methods/message as closely as possible to the audience based on key demographics.

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17
Q

What is a popular type of tailoring?

A

Computer tailoring - Can enable a program to reach a larger audience with tailored messages and materials

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18
Q

What is Social Cognitive Theory?

A

Learning is an interaction between a person and his/her environment, cognitive processes, and behavior. The interaction is called RECIPROCAL DETERMINISM.

19
Q

What are some of the main constructs of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)?

A

Behavioral capability, expectations, expectancies, self-control, emotional coping responses, reciprocal determinism, and self-efficacy

20
Q

What is the Transtheoretical/Stages of Change Model?

A

Incorporates components of many theories (thus, transtheoretical) - Target people where they are in their motivation for a particular behavior! Have many intervention materials/strategies and use different materials for different readiness to change groups.

21
Q

What are some major constructs in the Transtheoretical/Stages of Change model?

A

Stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy.

22
Q

What are the six stages in the Stages of Change model?

A
  • Precontemplation
  • Contemplation
  • Preparation
  • Action
  • Maintenance
  • Termination
23
Q

What is the precontemplation stage?

A

Person is not intending to take action in the next six months; May not even be aware of problem or may be in denial

24
Q

What is the contemplation stage?

A

Person is aware there is a problem and is intending to take action in the next six months

25
Q

What is the preparation stage?

A

Person is intending to take action in the immediate future, usually in the next month

26
Q

What is the action phase?

A

Person has taken action (changed a behavior) within the past six months

27
Q

What is the maintenance phase?

A

Person has changed his/her behavior and has maintained the change for more than six months

28
Q

What is the termination phase?

A

Person has no temptation to return to the old behavior and has 100% self-efficacy

29
Q

Based on the Stages of Change Theory, can a person move between stages?

A

YES! Can be in any stage and can move back and forth through the stages, depending on external factors.

30
Q

What is the Health Belief Model?

A

INDIVIDUAL LEVEL model that understands why people dont act on information about disease prevention/detection, etc.

31
Q

What are the major constructs of the Health Belief Model?

A

Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to action, & self-efficacy

32
Q

What is the Theory of Planned Behavior & Theory of Reasoned Action?

A

TPB builds upon the TRA. Recognize that behavioral intention is key in determining behavior! Behavior change is influenced by a person’s attitude towards the outcome and the social/subjective norms of important people in the person’s life.

33
Q

What is the Diffusion of Innovations Theory?

A

COMMUNITY-LEVEL theory that describes the rate at which a new program/activity will spread throughout a group. Can motivate by demonstrating that something is better than the status quo! Constructs - Relative advantage, compatibility, observability, & trialability.

34
Q

What are the 5 groups in the Diffusion of Innovation Theory?

A
  • Innovators (FIRST to adopt)
  • Early Adopters (Wait for innovators)
  • Early Majority (Adopt once opinion leaders do)
  • Late majority (Adopt once it becomes the norm)
  • Laggards (Last to adopt or never do!)
35
Q

What is the ecological model?

A

Focuses on the interaction of the individual & environment. Five levels - Individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, & public policy

36
Q

What are the four types of group relationships?

A

Networking, coordinating, cooperating, or collaborating. In that order! See chart on page 69

37
Q

What are some methods for monitoring the timeline & program implementation process?

A
  • Gantt method
  • Program Eval & Review Technique (PERT)
  • Critical Path Method (CPM)

Helps you create an illustration to visually identify the progress!

38
Q

What does a logic model do?

A

Displays the sequence of actions that describe what the program is and will do to achieve outcomes

39
Q

What are the five core components of a logic model?

A
  • Inputs (resources that go into the program)
  • Outputs (activities, services, products that reach target audience)
  • Outcomes (Results/changes)
  • Assumptions (beliefs we have and how we think program will work)
  • External factors (Those that influence the program)
40
Q

Who created the Code of Ethics? What does it do?

A

CNHEO - Coaliation of National Health Education Organizations. Sets standard for the health education specialist & tells the public what to expect from the practitioner

41
Q

What is the Belmont Report?

A

Report that establishes a standard for ethics regarding human subjects protection. Summarizes basic ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects.

42
Q

What are SMART objectives?

A

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, & Timely

43
Q

What is andragogy? Pedagogy?

A

Adult’s learning; Children’s learning

44
Q

How does adult learning differ from child learning?

A

Adults need to be involved in planning & evaluation of their instruction. Problem-centered rather than content oriented. Need experiences to learn!

CHES Exam (7 decks)

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