Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Function

A

Protection - spinal cord and internal organs
Flexibility - intervertebral discs
Structural support - postural, anchor for rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lordic (lordotic) curve

A

Concave
Cervical and lumbar vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Kyphotic curve

A

Convex
Thoracic and sacral vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

General vertebra structure - vertebral body

A

Not in C1
Most anterior and largest feature
Separated from the adjacent bodies above and below by intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

General vertebra structure - vertebral canal

A

Opening
Posterior to the vertebral body
Passage of the spinal cord and meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

General vertebra structure - pedicle

A

Two stout, posterior projections from the vertebral body
Posteriorly they form the vertebral arch with the laminae and spinous processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

General vertebra structure - intervertebral foramen

A

Opening between the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae
Allows spinal nerves to exit the vertebral canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

General vertebra structure - lamina

A

Two broad, flat structures
Posteriorly from each pedicle
Unite in the midline to form the spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

General vertebra structure - spinous process

A

Projection extending posteriorly from the midline
From the union of the laminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

General vertebra structure - transverse process

A

Projection that extends laterally
From the side of the vertebra at the junction between the lamina and the pedicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

General vertebra structure - superior articular facet

A

Projects superiorly from the junction between the lamina and the pedicle
Articulates with the inferior facet of the vertebra above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

General vertebra structure - inferior articular facet

A

Projects inferiorly from the junction between the lamina and pedicle
Articulates with the superior facet of the vertebra below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

General vertebra structure - costal facet

A

One superiorly and one inferiorly
Articulates with the head off the rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Zygapophyseal articulation

A

Superior articular facet articulates with inferior articular facet
Make the Zygapophyseal joints
Between vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rib articulation

A

Head of rib between the superior costal facet of one vertebrae and inferior costal facet of another
Spans area of intervertebral disc
Limits anterior flexion of spine
Tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse costal facet on the transverse process
Forms synovial joint with the thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cross sectional anatomy of the spine - spinal cord

A

Runs through the vertebrae foramen
Dorsal and ventral roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cross sectional anatomy of the spine - denticulate ligament

A

Physical support between meninges layers and nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cross sectional anatomy of the spine - spinal dural matter

A

Accommodates movement of the spine
Not bounded or fused with the vertebrae bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cross sectional anatomy of the spine - epidural space/fat

A

Allows the duration mater to move during flexion of the spine
So the spinal cord is not damaged

20
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Allows central nervous system to communicate with the body
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
Each nerve attaches to the spinal cord by a dorsal and ventral root

21
Q

Spinal nerves - dorsal roots

A

6-8 rootlets arise from the posterolateral side of the cord
Carrying sensory fibres to form the dorsal roots

22
Q

Spinal nerves - ventral roots

A

6-8 rootlets arise from the anterolateral sides of the cord
Carrying motor fibres to form the ventral roots

23
Q

Spinal nerves - dorsal root ganglion

A

Dorsal and ventral roots unite to form a mix of spinal nerve
Just before there is a small swelling id the dorsal root ganglion
Formed by the cell bodies of the sensory neurones

24
Q

Spinal nerves - spinal nerves

A

Formed by dorsal and ventral nerve root
Exits via the intervertebral foramen

25
Q

Spinal nerves - dorsal spinal rami

A

Supply the deep muscle and the skin of the back of the trunk

26
Q

Spinal nerves - ventral spinal rami

A

Supplies the muscles and skin of the rest of the body
Thoracic spinal nerves form intercostal nerves - supply muscles of thoracic cage
Spinal nerves interlink to form five specialised nerve plexuses - supply the rest of the musculoskeletal system and skin

27
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7 bones
Form the bones of the neck
C1 and C2 are specialised - allow the head to rotate

28
Q

C1 Atlas

A

No body
It is a ring of bone that articulates with the occipital bone of the cranium
Anterior arch - fovea dentis: flattening
Superior articular surface - condyloid articulation with skull, flexion and extension, transverse ligament attaches
Posterior arch - roughening: nuchal ligament origin

29
Q

C2 Axis

A

Dens - upward projection on the body where the atlas can rotate (fovea dentis)
Transverse ligament
Apical odontoid ligament - to skull
Lateral odontoid alar ligaments - to occipital bone

30
Q

C3 to C7

A

Transverse process (foramen) - major arteries run through to supply the brain
Superior articular surface - forms Zygapophyseal joints, support rotation of the neck
Bifid spinous process - origin and insertion of ligaments and muscles, accommodates the nuchal ligament

31
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12 bones
Form vertebral column of thoracic and articulates with the ribs
Heart shaped body
Costal ‘Demi’ facet - articulates with the head of ribs
Spinous process - long: mechanical advantage, points down inferiorly, attachment point

32
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

5 bones
Largest vertebrae, support the weight of the body
Body - massive, kidney bean-shaped, hold upper body weight
Facets of Zygapophyseal joints - medial, limits rotation of the spine
Spinous process - short, sturdy, attachment of bigger and more powerful muscles

33
Q

Sacrum vertebrae

A

5 sacral vertebrae fuse to form the large triangular sacrum
Concave anteriorly
Articulates laterally with the hip bones

34
Q

Coccyx vertebrae

A

3-5 coccygeal vertebrae fuse to form the coccyx

35
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Between the vertebrae bones
Make the spine flexible
Compressible and elastic
Fibrocartilage
Fluid gradually pushed out during the day leading to height varying
Imbition means the fluid goes back into the discs

36
Q

Intervertebral discs - intervertebral joint

A

Secondary cartilaginous joints - symphysis
Between the intervertebral discs and the vertebral bones

37
Q

Intervertebral discs - annulus fibrosus

A

Fibrocartilage
Shock absorber
Allows flexion of the spine

38
Q

Intervertebral discs - nucleus pulposus

A

Semi fluid - part fibrous and part fluid
Shock absorber
As you age it becomes more fibrous - reduces flexibility

39
Q

Intervertebral discs - cartilage plates

A

Hyaline cartilage
Where the nucleus pulposus is attached to the

40
Q

Intervertebral discs - posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Smaller and lighter
Found in the intervertebral foramen
Only attaches to the bone
Where herniation of discs normally occurs

41
Q

Intervertebral discs - anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Goes the full length of the spin
Broad anf tough
Aid the prevention of hyperextension of the spine

42
Q

Ligamentum flava

A

Appears yellow do to elastin and elastic fibres
Highly elastic
Stretches as you flex - energy is released to aid muscles in the back to go back to an up right posture
Supports the facet joints posteriorly

43
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

Limits flexion of the spine
Supports the facet joints posteriorly

44
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

From C7 to the sacrum
Attaches to the tip or process
Limit hyperextension of the spine
Supports the facet joints posteriorly

45
Q

Inter-transverse ligament

A

Blends with the inter-transverse muscles
Limits lateral flexion of the spine
Controls movement of Zygapophyseal joints
Supports the facet joints laterally

46
Q

Movements of the vertebral column

A

Size and compressibility of the intervertebral discs
Shape and orientation of Zygapophyseal joints
Looseness of Zygapophyseal joint capsule
Resistance or elasticity of ligaments

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions