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Anatomy > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Ilium

A

Larges part
Expanded superior to form three fan-shaped ala
Forms two-fifths of the acetabulum

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2
Q

Ilium - body

A

Expands superiority from acetabulum into a flattened ala (wing)

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3
Q

Ilium - crest

A

Superior border
Provides origin and insertion points for the abdominal muscles

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4
Q

Ilium - fossa

A

Medial surface of the iliac ala
Origin to the iliacus muscle

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5
Q

Ilium - anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

A

Small projection
Forms the anterior point of the iliac crest

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6
Q

Ilium - anterior inferior iliac spine

A

Small projection
From the anterior border of the ilium
Origin point for the inguinal ligament

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7
Q

Ilium - posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

A

Small projection
Forms posterior border of the iliac crest

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8
Q

Ilium - posterior inferior iliac spine

A

Small posterior projection
Lies above the greater sciatic notch
Origin point for the piriformis muscle

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9
Q

Ilium - inferior gluteal line

A

Thin ridge
Origin of the gluteus minimus muscle

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10
Q

Ilium - posterior gluteal line

A

Thin ridge on the ilium body
Marks the division between the origin of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles

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11
Q

Pubis

A

Smallest and moat anterior part of the hip bone
Articulates with the opposite bone at the pubic symphysis

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12
Q

Pubis - body

A

Flattened
Medially facing symphyseal surface

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13
Q

Pubis - inferior ramus

A

Passes downwards and forwards to join with the ramus of the ischium

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14
Q

Pubis - superior ramus

A

Passes superiority from the body and fuse with the body of the ischium

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15
Q

Ischium

A

Lower, posterior part of the hip bone

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16
Q

Ischium - body

A

Robust L-shaped bone
Passes downwards deform the acetabulum

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17
Q

Ischium - spine

A

Posterior projection
Separates the greater and lesser sciatic notches

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18
Q

Ischium - ramus

A

Passes downwards and forwards to join with the inferior ramus of the pubis

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19
Q

Ischium - tuberosity

A

Large, roughened tuberosity on the posteroinferior surface of the ischium
Origin for the hamstring muscles

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20
Q

Ischium - lesser sciatic notch

A

Shallow notch
Between the ischial spine and ischial tuberosity

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21
Q

Ischium - greater sciatic notch

A

Deep posterior notch
Between the posterior inferior iliac spine and the ischial spine

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22
Q

Ischium - obturator foramen

A

In the front of the pelvis
Formed by the pubis and the ischium

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23
Q

Ischium - acetabulum

A

A cup-shaped depression
Formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis
For articulation, through its horseshoe-shaped articular surface, with the femoral head

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24
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

Sacrum and ilium
Synovial capsule
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrous
Flexibility isn’t good
Rigidity
Two sides of the joint lock together

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25
Q

Lumbosacral joint

A

Lumber and sacrum
Fibrocartilage
Similar to vertebrae discs - pulpy middle
Shock absorber
Slightly movable

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26
Q

Coxal (hip) joint

A

Acetabulum and head of femur
Ball and socket synovial joint
Three degrees of freedom
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Medial and lateral rotation

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27
Q

Iliolumbar ligament

A

Limits lateral extension of the spine
Improve resilience

28
Q

Pubic ligament

A

Supports the pubic symphysis

29
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligaments

A

Limits posterior flexion

30
Q

Sacrospinous ligament

A

Runs from the sacrum to the ischial spine

31
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

Runs from the sacrum down towards the tissue of the tuberosity
Stabilise sacroiliac joint
Resists rotational forces

32
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A

Strongest
Toughest
Support hip capsule and joint

33
Q

Pubofemoral ligament

A

Triangular thickening of the inferior part of the capsule

34
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament

A

Inserts half way

35
Q

Intertrochanteric line

A

Between the lesser and greater trochanter

36
Q

Acetabulum - acetabula labrum

A

Fibrocartilage
Deepening
Stabilising

37
Q

Acetabulum - articular cartilage

A

Horseshoe-shaped
Supports articulation of the femur head
Hyaline cartilage

38
Q

Acetabulum - transverse acetabula ligament

A

Runs across the acetabula/obturator foramen
Closes off the socket
Supports the ligaments. Of the head of the femur

39
Q

Acetabulum - ligamentum teres

A

Off the head of the femur
Keeps the head of the femur in the socket
Arteries supplying the femur

40
Q

Acetabulum - fat pad

A

Sensory function
Shock absorber

41
Q

Acetabulum - acetabula notch

A

Access for - nutritive vessels; branches of obturator, deep femoral

42
Q

Capsule

A

Anterior - intertrochanteric line
Posterior - halfway along the neck of the femur
Made from circular, longitudinal fibres

43
Q

Nerves supply

A

Branches of femoral nerve - anterior over the brim of the pelvis to the thigh
Branches of the obturator nerve - from and through the obturator foramen to the thigh
Branches of the sciatic nerve - large, from the sciatic notch down posteriorly to the thigh

44
Q

Blood supply

A

Anastomosis - multiple ways of getting the blood to the structure
Lateral and medial circumflex arteries

45
Q

Hip extensors - gluteus maximus

A

O - gluteal surface of ilium; margins of sacrum and coccyx; sarcotubereous ligament and fascia
I - fascia between ilio-tibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
A - hip extension (primary)

46
Q

Hip extensors - biceps femoris

A

Most lateral hamstring
O - 2 heads: long head ischial tuberosity and short head linear aspera
I - head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
A - hip extension, aids knee flexion

47
Q

Hip extensors - semitendinosus

A

Medial to biceps femoris
O - ischial tuberosity
I - pes anserine on medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
A - hip extension, aid flexion of the knee

48
Q

Hip extensors - semimembranosus

A

Deep to semitendinosus
O - ischial tuberosity
I - medial condyle of tibia
A - hip extension, aids flexion of the knee

49
Q

Hip flexors - psoas major

A

O - T12 to L5 vertebrae
I - lesser trochanter femur
A - Flexes and abducts the hip and flexes the trunk

50
Q

Hip flexors - Iliacus

A

O - posterior 2/3 of iliac fossa
I - lesser trochanter of the femur
A - Flexes and abducts the hip and flexes the trunk.

51
Q

Hip flexor - iliopsoas

A

Joined psoas and iliacus muscles
A - hip flexion, lateral flexion of vertebral column and flexion of the spine

52
Q

Hip flexor - rectus femoris

A

O - anterior inferior iliac spine
I - tibial tuberosity
A - knee extension

53
Q

Hip flexor - sartorius

A

O - anterior superior iliac spine
I - pes anserine
A - flexion of hip and knee, medial rotation of the tibia on the femur

54
Q

Hip flexor - pectineus

A

O - superior ramus of pubis
I - pectineal line of femur; from lesser trochanter to top of lines aspera
A - flexion and adduction of hip

55
Q

Hip adductors - pectineus

A

O - superior ramus of pubis
I - pectineal line
A - flexion and adduction of hip

56
Q

Hip adductors - adductor brevis

A

O - body and inferior ramus of the pubis
I - linea aspera
A - adductor of hip

57
Q

Hip adductors - adductor longus

A

O - body of pubis
I - middle 2/3 of linea aspera
A - adductor of hip

58
Q

Hip adductors - adductor Magnus

A

O - ischiopubic ramus down to lateral part of ischial tuberosity
I - linea aspera upwards towards the greater trochanter
A - adductor of hip

59
Q

Hip adductor - gracilis

A

O - pubis
I - pes aspera
A - flexor of the knee, if knee is semi-flexed aids medial rotation, also abduct the hip

60
Q

Hip abductor and medial rotators - gluteus medius

A

O - lateral surface of ileum
I - greater trochanter
A - abduction, maintains position of pelvis

61
Q

Hip abductor and medial rotators - gluteus minimus

A

O - gluteal surface of ilium
I - greater trochanter
A - hold pelvis in abduction, contraction of upper fibres medially rotate femur

62
Q

Hip abductor and medial rotators - tensor fasciae latae (TFL)

A

O - anterior part of outer lip of iliac crest
I - between 2-laters of iliotibial tract
A - abduction and medial rotation of hip joint

63
Q

Hip lateral rotators - piriformis

A

O - front of the second and fourth sacral segments
I - greater trochanter
A - lateral rotator

64
Q

Hip lateral rotators - gemellus superior

A

O - gluteal surface of ischial spine
I - blends with tendon of obturator internus, some fibres reach medial surface of greater trochanter
A - lateral rotation

65
Q

Hip lateral rotators - obturator internus

A

O - pelvis surface of ileum
I - medial surface of greater trochanter
A - lateral rotation

66
Q

Hip lateral rotators - gemellus inferior

A

O - upper part of ischial tuberosity
I - blends with inferior aspect of tendon of obturator internus
A - lateral rotation

67
Q

Hip lateral rotators - quadratus femoris

A

O - ischial tuberosity
I - halfway down the intertrochanteric crest
A - lateral rotation

Anatomy (9 decks)

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