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Anatomy > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Scapula

A

Large, flat, triangular bone that lies obliquely on the back and side of the thorax
Acromiocalvicular joint
Glenohumeral joint

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2
Q

Scapula - acromion

A

Large, projection
Forming a point of the shoulder that articulates with the clavicle

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3
Q

Scapula - coracoid process

A

Large, anterior projection
Insertion point for the pectoralois minor muscle
Origin point for the short head of biceps brachii and the coracobrachialis muscle

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4
Q

Scapula - glenoid fossa

A

Shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint

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5
Q

Scapula - inferior angle

A

Junction between the medial and lateral borders
Overlies the 7th rib

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6
Q

Scapula - indraspinous fossa

A

Large depression on the back of the scapula
Below the spine
Origin for the infraspinatus muscle

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7
Q

Scapula - lateral border

A

Thick border that runs from the infraglenoid tubercle to the inferior angle

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8
Q

Scapula - medial border

A

Thin border that runs between the superior and inferior angles

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9
Q

Scapula - neck of the glenoid

A

Constriction between the glenoid and the body of the scapula

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10
Q

Scapula - spine

A

Triangular ridge of bone that crosses the back of the scapula
From the acromion to the medial border

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11
Q

Scapula - superior angle

A

Junction between the superior and medial borders

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12
Q

Scapula - superior border

A

Thin and sharp border
Separated from the coracoid process by the supraglenoid notch

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13
Q

Scapula - subscapular fossa

A

Slightly ridged fossa on the inner surface of the scapula
Origin for the subscapularis muscle

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14
Q

Scapula - supraspinous fossa

A

Deep fossa
On the back of the scapula, above the spine
Origin for the suprasinatus muscle

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15
Q

Scapula - suprascapular notch

A

A dip in the superior border
Medial to the the coracoid process

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16
Q

Clavicle

A

Slightly S-shaped bone that lies at the base of the neck in front of the first rib
Acromioclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint

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17
Q

Clavicle - sternal end

A

Medial end
Articulated with the sternum

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18
Q

Clavicle - acromial end

A

Lateral end
Articulates with the acromion of the scapula

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19
Q

Clavicle - Conoid tubercle

A

Small projection from the posterior edge
Attachment to the conoid part of the coracoclavicular ligament

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20
Q

Humerus

A

Long bone of the arm
Glenohumeral joint
Humeroulnar joint
Humeroradial joint

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21
Q

Humerus - head

A

Forms one-third of a sphere
Articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula

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22
Q

Humerus - anatomical neck

A

Constricted area
Joins the head to the greater and lesser tubercles

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23
Q

Humerus - greater tubercle

A

Large projection from the lateral side of the proximal humerus

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24
Q

Humerus - lesser tubercle

A

Projection that provides an insertion point for the subscapularis muscle

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25
Q

Humerus - surgical neck

A

Junction between the tubercles and the shaft
Common site for fractures

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26
Q

Humerus - intertubercular groove/sulus

A

Anterior between the tubercles
Holds the tendon of biceps brachii muscle
Bicipital groove

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27
Q

Humerus - shaft

A

Long and thick shaft that connects the two extremities

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28
Q

Humerus - deltoid tuberosity

A

Roughened area
Half-way down the shaft
Insertion of the deltoid muscle

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29
Q

Humerus - capitumum

A

Lateral to the two distal condyles
Articulates with the radius

30
Q

Humerus - trochlea

A

Medial do the two distal condyles
Articulates with the ulna

31
Q

Humerus - coronoid fossa

A

Anterior fossa
Above the trochlea for the coronoid process of the ulna

32
Q

Humerus - radial fossa

A

Anterior fossa
Above the capitulum for the head of the radius

33
Q

Humerus - Olecranon fossa

A

Large posterior fossa for the Olecranon of the ulna

34
Q

Humerus - medial epicondyle

A

Prominence medial to the trochlea
Origin to the superficial flexor muscles in the forearm

35
Q

Humerus - lateral epicondyle

A

Prominence lateral to the capitulum
Origin to the extensor muscles in the forearm

36
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Between the clavicle and sternum
With the manubrium of the sternum

37
Q

Sternoclavicular joint - intra articular disk

A

Like meniscus
Fibrocartilage - shock absorber
Attached to the joint capsule
Divides the space into two
Medial side - less movement, plane joint
Lateral/clavicular side - more movement, flattened ball and socket, highly mobile

38
Q

Sternoclavicular joint - clavicular notch

A

Part of the articular surface

39
Q

Sternoclavicular joint - anterior/posterior Sternoclavicular ligaments

A

Tight and strong

40
Q

Sternoclavicular joint - costoclavicular ligament

A

Strong
Between the clavicle and the 1st rib

41
Q

Sternoclavicular joint - interclavicular ligament

A

Supports the two medial ends of the clavicle

42
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

With the acromion of the scapular and clavicle
Plane synovial joint
Gliding movements

43
Q

Acromioclavicular joint - intra articular disk

A

Fibrocartilage
Improve congruence
Supports articular surfaces

44
Q

Acromioclavicular joint - superior Acromioclavicular ligament

A

Tough and strong

45
Q

Acromioclavicular joint - inferior Acromioclavicular ligament

A

Less strong because it is thinner

46
Q

Acromioclavicular joint - coracoclavicular ligaments

A

Conoid part - twisted, medial
Trapezoid part - lateral

47
Q

Acromioclavicular joint - coracoid process

A

Stability for the lateral end of the clavicle

48
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

The head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Ball and socket synovial joint

49
Q

Glenohumeral joint - capsule

A

Loose inferiorly to allow movement of the head of the humerus when lifting the arm

50
Q

Glenohumeral joint - coracoacromial ligament

A

Limits superior movements of the head of the humerus

51
Q

Glenohumeral joint - coracohumeral ligament

A

Helps the integrity of the joint

52
Q

Glenohumeral joint - transverse humeral ligament

A

Helps locate the long head of the biceps brachii in the intertubercular sulcus

53
Q

Glenohumeral joint - Glenohumeral ligament

A

Joint capsule support

54
Q

Nerve supply

A

Origin of the main nerve of the brachial plexus
Suprascapular nerve
Axillary nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve
Musculocutaneous nerves

55
Q

Blood supply

A

Branches of subclavian and axillary arteries

56
Q

Muscles acting on the scapula - pectoralis minor

A

O - ribs 3-5
I - scapular, coracoid process
A - pulls the shoulder girdle forwards and downward

57
Q

Muscles acting on the scapula - rhomboid major

A

O - T2-T5, spinous processes
I - scapula, medial border
A - medially rotated and retracts the scapula

58
Q

Muscles acting on the scapula - rhomboid minor

A

O - C7-T1, spinous processes
I - scapula, spine
A - medially rotates and retracts the scapula

59
Q

Muscles acting on the scapula - trapezius

A

O - occipital bone, nuchal ligament, C7-T2
I - clavicle, scapula
A - elevates and retracts the scapula and depresses its medial aspect, extends and laterally flexed the head and neck

60
Q

Muscles acting on the scapula - serratus anterior

A

O - rib 1-9
I - scapula, costal surface of three medial border
A - protracts the scapula and pectoral girdle

61
Q

Muscles acting on the humerus - latissimus dorsi

A

O - T7-T12, spinous processes. Iliac crest. Ribs 9-12
I - humerus, intertubercular groove
A - extends abducts and medially rotated the arm at shoulder joint

62
Q

Muscles acting on the humerus - pectoralis major

A

O - clavicle, medial end. Sternum. Costal cartilages 1-6
I - humerus, intertubercular groove
A - adducts and internally rotated the humerus, extends the shoulder from a flexed position, flexes it from an extended position

63
Q

Muscles of the shoulder - supraspinatus

A

O - scapula, supraspinous fossa
I - humerus, greater tubercle
A - initiated abducting the arm

64
Q

Muscles of the shoulder - infraspinatus

A

O - scapula, infraspinous fossa
I - humerus, greater tubercle
A - laterally rotated the arm

65
Q

Muscles of the shoulder - teres minor

A

O - scapular, lateral border
I - humerus, greater tubercle
A - laterally rotates arm, contributes to abduction

66
Q

Muscles of the shoulder - subscapularis

A

O - scapula, subscapularis fossa
I - humerus, lesser tubercle
A - medially rotates arm

67
Q

Muscles of the shoulder - deltoid

A

O - clavicle. Scapular, spine and acromion
I - humerus, deltoid tuberosity
A - abducts the shoulder

68
Q

Muscles of the shoulder - teres major

A

O - scapula, inferior angle
I - humerus, intertubercular groove
A - extends the shoulder, adducts and medially rotates humerus

69
Q

Muscles of the shoulder - coracobrachialis

A

O - scapula, coracoid process
I - humerus
A - flexes the shoulder, adducts the arm

70
Q

Muscles of the arm - biceps brachii

A

O - long head: scapula, supraglenoid tubercle, short head: scapula, coracoid process
I - radius, radial tuberosity
A - flexed the elbow and shoulder, abducts the arm, supernates the forearm

71
Q

Muscles of the arm - triceps brachii

A

O - long head: scapular, infraglenoid tubercle, lateral and medial heads: humerus
I - ulna, Olecranon
A - extends the elbow, adducts the arm

72
Q

Muscles of the arm - brachialis

A

O - humerus
I - ulna, coronoid process and tuberosity
A - flexes the elbow

Anatomy (9 decks)

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