Foot

Question 1

Tarsal bones

Answer 1

Seven bones make up the posterior part of each foot

Question 2

Tarsal bones - talus

Answer 2

Forms the summit of the foot
Articulates with the tibia and fibula

Question 3

Tarsal bones - calcaneus

Answer 3

Largest tarsal bone
Forms the heel

Question 4

Tarsal bones - navicular

Answer 4

Between the talus and the cuneiforms

Question 5

Tarsal bones - lateral cuneiform

Answer 5

Between the talus and the 3rd metatarsal

Question 6

Tarsal bones - intermediate cuneiform

Answer 6

Between talus and the 2nd metatarsal

Question 7

Tarsal bones - medial cuneiform

Answer 7

Between the talus and 1st metatarsal

Question 8

Tarsal bones - cuboid

Answer 8

Lateral to the cuneiforms
Between the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones and the calcaneus

Question 9

Metatarsals

Answer 9

Fine miniature long bones
1st metatarsal - medially, base for the big toe
5th metatarsal - laterally, base for the little toe

Question 10

Phalanges

Answer 10

Miniature long moneys that form the toes
Fourteen phalanges in each foot
5 proximal phalanges
4 intermediate phalanges
5 distal phalanges

Question 11

Tarsal tunnel

Answer 11

Key access for major vessels and tendons
Medial side of ankle
Bony walls - medial malleolus and calcaneus
Foot - flexor Retinaculum
Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus tendons, tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery runs through

Question 12

Tarsometatarsas joint

Answer 12

Bones - cuneiform, metatarsals 1-5
Movement - gliding
Plane synovial joint

Question 13

Metatarsophalangeal joint

Answer 13

Bones - metatarsals 1-5, phalanges 1-5
Condyloid synovial joint
No rotation
2 degrees of freedom

Question 14

Interphalangeal joint

Answer 14

Between phalanges
Hinge synovial joint

Question 15

Transverse tarsal joint

Answer 15

Talocalcaneonavicular joint
Calcaneocuboid joint
Joint of inversion/eversion

Question 16

Subtalar joint

Answer 16

Calcaneus
Joint if inversion/eversion

Question 17

Ligaments

Answer 17

Calcaneonavicular ligament
Short and long plantar ligaments
Plantar aponeurosis ligament

Question 18

Ligaments - calcaneonavicular ligament

Answer 18

Spring ligament
Supports the talocaneonavicular joint
Made of hyaline cartilage
Socket for the head of talus to sit into
Move as you invert and evert the foot

Question 19

Ligaments - short and long plantar ligaments

Answer 19

Stabilisation/support for arches of the foot

Question 20

Ligaments - plantar aponeurosis ligament

Answer 20

Very tough connective tissue
Transfer forces from Achilles (calcaneal) tendon

Question 21

Arches of the foot

Answer 21

Space for tissue, blood vessels and nerves to reach the toes
Gives mechanical stability
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch

Question 22

Arches of the foot - medial longitudinal arch

Answer 22

From the calcaneus to the metatarsals 1-3

Question 23

Arches of the foot - lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 23

From the calcaneus to the metatarsals 4-5

Question 24

Arches of the foot - transverse arch

Answer 24

From the cuboid to the cuneiform bones

Question 25

Muscles of inversion - tibialis posterior

Answer 25

Inserts into proximal end base of 3 (middle) metatarsals, first cuneiform, base of the navicular
Wide coverage in base of the foot
Tone in muscle
Supports the arch of the foot

Question 26

Muscles of eversion - peroneus (fibularis) longus

Answer 26

Hooks around diagonally across the base of the foot
Medial inversion into the base of the 1st metatarsal
Supports the arch of the foot

Question 27

Muscles of eversion - peroneus (fibularis) brevis

Answer 27

Comes through laterally up the foot
Inserts into the 5th metatarsal