Knee Flashcards
Femur
Bone of the thigh
Longest bone in the body
Femur - head
Proximal extremity
Almost spherical
Articulates with acetabulum of the hip
Femur - fovea
A pit in the centre of the head
For ligaments that attach to the hip
Femur - neck
Constricted area below the head
Femur - greater trochanter
Expanded tuberosity from lateral aspect of the neck
Femur - lesser trochanter
Smaller tuberosity from medial aspect of the neck
Femur - intertrochanteric crest
Thick, rounded line
Joins the greater and lesser trochanters anteriorly
Femur - linea aspera
Longitudinal ridge in the posterior aspect of the shaft
Provides a point of origin for lots of muscles
Femur - lateral epicondyle
Small bony projection on the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle
Femur - medial epicondyle
Projection from the medial surface of the medial femoral condyle
Femur - lateral condyle
Large articular prominence
Distal end of the shaft
Articulation with the lateral tibial condyle
Femur - medial condyle
Large, medial articular prominence
At distal end of the shaft
Articulation with the medial tibial condyle
Femur - intercondylar fossa
Deep notch separating the medial and lateral condyles posteriorly
Femur - patellar surface
Anterior part of the distal femoral articular surface that articulates with the posterior surface of the patella
Tibial plateau - anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
Limit anterior and posterior movements and dislocation of the knee
Tibial plateau - medial and lateral meniscus
Crescent shape
Fibrocartilage
Supported by coronary ligament
Tethered in by transverse ligaments
Locate the distal head of the femur
Adding congruence
Tibial plateau - articular cartilage
On medial and lateral tibia condyle
Hyaline cartilage
Smooth
Friction-free movement
Ligaments
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Ligaments - fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Small ligament
Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibular
Prevent rocking and lateral movements and dislocation
Ligaments - tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Larger
Medial epicondyle of femur to medial tibia
Blends with joint capsule and edge of the medial meniscus - reinforces the joint
Prevent rocking and lateral movements and dislocation
Bursa
Between medial tibial collateral ligament and the hamstring muscles
Infrapatella, prepatella bursa - cushioning knee during kneeling, allow movement overlying skin
Suprapatella bursa - facilitates movement of quadriceps tendon over underlying structures
Fat pad
Infrapatellar fat pad - just behind the patella ligament, shock absorber, facilitates movement of patellar tendon relative to other structures
Capsule
Around anteriorly
Outer fibrous layer - not fully anteriorly
Area of oblique popliteal ligament and arcuate ligament - support the capsule in place
Medial and lateral patellar Retinaculum - support and forms an analogous structure to the fibrous joint capsule anteriorly
Blood supply
Genicular branches do the femoral and popliteal artery
Branches from popliteal and tibial artery
Branches form anastomoses
Nerve supply
Genicular nerve - sensory branches of obturator, tibial, common peroneal
Branched of obturator, femoral and sciatic nerves
Knee flexors
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Gastrocnemius
Knee extensors
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Knee medial rotators
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Popliteus
Knee lateral rotators
Biceps femoris
