Spinal Nerves + Spinal Cord Anatomy Flashcards
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
what do spinal nerves innervate
the soma (body wall) via rami
which gyrus is somatomotor?
in which lobe of the brain is it located?
pre-central gyrus in frontal lobe
which gyrus is somatosensory?
in which lobe of the brain is it located?
post-central gyrus in parietal lobe
C2 dermatome
back of scalp + Adams apple
C3 dermatome
back of neck + jugular notch
C4 dermatome
clavicle
C5 dermatome
REGIMENTAL BADGE PATCH
C6 dermatome
C7 dermatome
C8 dermatome
C6 = thumb C7 = middle finger C8 = little finger
T4 dermatome
male nipple
T8 dermatome
Xiphoid process
T10 dermatome
umbilicus
T12 dermatome
Pubic symphysis
L1 dermatome
groin
L3 dermatome
L4 dermatome
L2 = Anterior thigh L3 = anterior knee
L4 dermatome
medial malleolus
L5 dermatome
dorsum of foot
S1 dermatome
heel
S2 dermatome
S3 dermatome
S4 dermatome
S2 = posterior knee S3 = buttock S4 = perineum
roots of femoral nerve
L2,3,4
roots of great auricular nerve
C2,3
roots of supraclavicular nerve
C3,4
- supplies clavicle + shoulder tip
what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate?
what is this called?
L1/L2
- connus medullaris
what is contained in the central canal of the spinal cord
CSF
what roots are contained in the cauda equina
L2-L5
S1-S5
which spinal levels have lateral horns? why?
T1-L2 for sympathetic outflow
what is contained in the epidural space?
fat + venous plexus
- gap between dura + bone
name the extrinsic back muscles
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboids
nerve supply to trapezius
spinal accessory nerve
nerve supply to latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
nerve supply to levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve
nerve supply to rhomboids
dorsal scapular nerve
name the intrinsic back muscles
erector spinae (superficial) transversospinalis (deep)
nerve supply intrinsic back muscles
posterior rami
what muscles extend the spine
erector spinae
what spinal ligament prevents
- over flexion
- over extension
posterior longitudinal prevents over flexion
anterior longitudinal prevents over extension
what ligament connects adjacent laminae
ligamentum flavum
what ligament connects tips of spinous processes
supraspinous ligament
what ligament connects surfaces of spinous processes
interspinous ligament
what does the white matter of the spinal cord contain
ascending sensory + descending motor tracts
what are the ascending (sensory) tracts
dorsal column
spinothalamic
what is the dorsal column responsible for
fine touch + proprioception
what is the spinothalamic tract responsible for
pain, temperature, deep pressure
what is important to remember about the fibres in the spinothalamic tract?
cross segmentally - will be contralateral loss of pain/temperature to a lesion
what is the corticospinal tract responsible for
fine, precise movement
what is the tectospinal tract responsible for
head + neck movement
what is the reticulospinal tract responsible for
influences voluntary movement
what is the vestibulospinal tract responsible for
anti-gravity muscles
what is brown sequard syndrome
lateral hemisection of spinal cord
upper motor neurone lesion signs
increased muscle weakness
increased muscle tone
increased reflexes
spasticity
lower motor neurone lesion signs
decreased muscle tone
decreased reflexes
fasciculations (spontaneous contractions)
first palpable vertebrae
C7
- vertebrae prominens