Spinal Nerves + Spinal Cord Anatomy

Question 1

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 1

31

Question 2

what do spinal nerves innervate

Answer 2

the soma (body wall) via rami

Question 3

which gyrus is somatomotor?

in which lobe of the brain is it located?

Answer 3

pre-central gyrus in frontal lobe

Question 4

which gyrus is somatosensory?

in which lobe of the brain is it located?

Answer 4

post-central gyrus in parietal lobe

Question 5

C2 dermatome

Answer 5

back of scalp + Adams apple

Question 6

C3 dermatome

Answer 6

back of neck + jugular notch

Question 7

C4 dermatome

Answer 7

clavicle

Question 8

C5 dermatome

Answer 8

REGIMENTAL BADGE PATCH

Question 9

C6 dermatome
C7 dermatome
C8 dermatome

Answer 9

C6 = thumb 
C7 = middle finger
C8 = little finger

Question 10

T4 dermatome

Answer 10

male nipple

Question 11

T8 dermatome

Answer 11

Xiphoid process

Question 12

T10 dermatome

Answer 12

umbilicus

Question 13

T12 dermatome

Answer 13

Pubic symphysis

Question 14

L1 dermatome

Answer 14

groin

Question 15

L3 dermatome

L4 dermatome

Answer 15

L2 = Anterior thigh
L3 = anterior knee

Question 16

L4 dermatome

Answer 16

medial malleolus

Question 17

L5 dermatome

Answer 17

dorsum of foot

Question 18

S1 dermatome

Answer 18

heel

Question 19

S2 dermatome
S3 dermatome
S4 dermatome

Answer 19

S2 = posterior knee
S3 = buttock
S4 = perineum

Question 20

roots of femoral nerve

Answer 20

L2,3,4

Question 21

roots of great auricular nerve

Answer 21

C2,3

Question 22

roots of supraclavicular nerve

Answer 22

C3,4

- supplies clavicle + shoulder tip

Question 23

what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate?

what is this called?

Answer 23

L1/L2

- connus medullaris

Question 24

what is contained in the central canal of the spinal cord

Answer 24

CSF

Question 25

what roots are contained in the cauda equina

Answer 25

L2-L5 | S1-S5

Question 26

which spinal levels have lateral horns? why?

Answer 26

T1-L2 for sympathetic outflow

Question 27

what is contained in the epidural space?

Answer 27

fat + venous plexus | - gap between dura + bone

Question 28

name the extrinsic back muscles

Answer 28

trapezius latissimus dorsi levator scapulae rhomboids

Question 29

nerve supply to trapezius

Answer 29

spinal accessory nerve

Question 30

nerve supply to latissimus dorsi

Answer 30

thoracodorsal nerve

Question 31

nerve supply to levator scapulae

Answer 31

dorsal scapular nerve

Question 32

nerve supply to rhomboids

Answer 32

dorsal scapular nerve

Question 33

name the intrinsic back muscles

Answer 33

``` erector spinae (superficial) transversospinalis (deep) ```

Question 34

nerve supply intrinsic back muscles

Answer 34

posterior rami

Question 35

what muscles extend the spine

Answer 35

erector spinae

Question 36

what spinal ligament prevents - over flexion - over extension

Answer 36

posterior longitudinal prevents over flexion | anterior longitudinal prevents over extension

Question 37

what ligament connects adjacent laminae

Answer 37

ligamentum flavum

Question 38

what ligament connects tips of spinous processes

Answer 38

supraspinous ligament

Question 39

what ligament connects surfaces of spinous processes

Answer 39

interspinous ligament

Question 40

what does the white matter of the spinal cord contain

Answer 40

ascending sensory + descending motor tracts

Question 41

what are the ascending (sensory) tracts

Answer 41

dorsal column | spinothalamic

Question 42

what is the dorsal column responsible for

Answer 42

fine touch + proprioception

Question 43

what is the spinothalamic tract responsible for

Answer 43

pain, temperature, deep pressure

Question 44

what is important to remember about the fibres in the spinothalamic tract?

Answer 44

cross segmentally - will be contralateral loss of pain/temperature to a lesion

Question 45

what is the corticospinal tract responsible for

Answer 45

fine, precise movement

Question 46

what is the tectospinal tract responsible for

Answer 46

head + neck movement

Question 47

what is the reticulospinal tract responsible for

Answer 47

influences voluntary movement

Question 48

what is the vestibulospinal tract responsible for

Answer 48

anti-gravity muscles

Question 49

what is brown sequard syndrome

Answer 49

lateral hemisection of spinal cord

Question 50

upper motor neurone lesion signs

Answer 50

increased muscle weakness increased muscle tone increased reflexes spasticity

Question 51

lower motor neurone lesion signs

Answer 51

decreased muscle tone decreased reflexes fasciculations (spontaneous contractions)

Question 52

first palpable vertebrae

Answer 52

C7 | - vertebrae prominens