Motor Neuron Disease Flashcards
what is MND
untreatable and rapidly processing neurodegenerative condition
- average survival = 3 years
symptoms of MND
muscle weakness + wasting
speech difficulty
swallowing / breathing difficulty
UMN + LMN signs
what is not affected in MND
no sensory or sphincter disturbance
- helps distinguish from MS/polyneuropathies
4 types of MND
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Progressive muscular atrophy
- Progressive bulbar palsy + Pseudobulbar palsy
- Primary lateral sclerosis
what type of MND is most common
ALS
what type of MND only affects lower Motor neurones
progressive muscular atrophy
what type of MND only affects upper motor neurones
primary lateral sclerosis
what are upper motor neurone signs
increased tone
hyper-reflexia
spastisity
babinksi sign
what are lower motor neurone signs
decreased tone
decreased reflexes
fasciculations
what cognitive problem is ALS linked to
frontotemporal dementia
difference between bulbar + Pseudobulbar palsy
bulbar palsy – LOWER MN lesion affecting cranial nerves 9 - 12
Pseudobulbar palsy - UPPER MN lesion affecting cranial nerves 9- 12
symptoms of bulbar palsy + Pseudobulbar palsy
dysarthria, dysphasia, nasal regurgitation
what is exaggerated jaw jerk a sign of
UMN bulbar sign
- Pseudobulbar palsy
how does the tongue appear in bulbar palsy
weak, wasted + fasciculations
how does the tongue appear in Pseudobulbar palsy
small + spastic
