CNS + PNS Anatomy Flashcards
what makes up the CNS
brain + spinal cord
what are the 3 embryological structures of CNS at 4 weeks
Prosencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon
what does the mesencephalon become
the midbrain
what does the prosencephalon give rise to
telencephalon – cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon – thalamus + hypothalamus
what does the rhombencephalon give rise to
metencephalon – pons, cerebellum
myelencephalon – medulla
what makes up the brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla
where does the medulla arise from
myelencephalon
4 glial cells of the CNS
astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglia epedymal cells
function of astrocytes
maintain blood-brain barrier
function of oligodendrocytes
produce myelin
function of microglia
antigen presenting cells
function of ependymal cells
line the ventricles
what is a collection of nerve cell bodies called in the - PNS - CNS
PNS = ganglion CNS = nucleus
what is a collection of axons called in the - PNS - CNS
PNS = nerve CNS = tract
what is the function of a - dendrite - axon
dendrite - brings info to the cell body axon - takes info out of cell body
what cells produce myelin in PNS
Schwann cells
what are nodes of ranvier
gaps between the myelin sheath - speed up impulse conduction
what is contained in the white matter of CNS
axons
What is contained in the grey matter of CNS
cell bodies: neurones, synapses, support cells
what structures connects the left and right cerebral hemisphere
corpus callosum
what structure separates the brain sagittally
longitudinal fissure
what makes up the lentiform nucleus
putamen globus pallidus
where is CSF found
ventricles + subarachnoid space
where is the subarachnoid space
between arachnoid + Pia mater
where does subarachnoid space end
S2
where is CSF produced
choroid plexus of lateral + 3rd ventricles
what reabsorbs CSF
via arachnoid granulations into dural venous sinus
where does the dural venous sinus drain
internal jugular vein
how do pre-synaptic sympathetic axons leave the spinal cord
via anterior root
at what vertebral levels is there sympathetic outflow
T1-L2
how do pre-synaptic parasympathetic axons leave the spinal cord
via cranial nerves
which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic axons
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
where is a spinal nerve found
only in the intervertebral foramina
what does the posterior root of spinal cord contain
sensory axons
what does the anterior root of spinal cord contain
motor axons
what axons does spinal nerve contain
motor + sensory
what is a nerve plexus
intertwined anterior rami
