CNS + PNS Anatomy

Question 1

what makes up the CNS

Answer 1

brain + spinal cord

Question 2

what are the 3 embryological structures of CNS at 4 weeks

Answer 2

Prosencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon

Question 3

what does the mesencephalon become

Answer 3

the midbrain

Question 4

what does the prosencephalon give rise to

Answer 4

telencephalon – cerebral hemispheres

diencephalon – thalamus + hypothalamus

Question 5

what does the rhombencephalon give rise to

Answer 5

metencephalon – pons, cerebellum

myelencephalon – medulla

Question 6

what makes up the brainstem

Answer 6

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 7

where does the medulla arise from

Answer 7

myelencephalon

Question 8

4 glial cells of the CNS

Answer 8

astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglia epedymal cells

Question 9

function of astrocytes

Answer 9

maintain blood-brain barrier

Question 10

function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 10

produce myelin

Question 11

function of microglia

Answer 11

antigen presenting cells

Question 12

function of ependymal cells

Answer 12

line the ventricles

Question 13

what is a collection of nerve cell bodies called in the - PNS - CNS

Answer 13

PNS = ganglion CNS = nucleus

Question 14

what is a collection of axons called in the - PNS - CNS

Answer 14

PNS = nerve CNS = tract

Question 15

what is the function of a - dendrite - axon

Answer 15

dendrite - brings info to the cell body axon - takes info out of cell body

Question 16

what cells produce myelin in PNS

Answer 16

Schwann cells

Question 17

what are nodes of ranvier

Answer 17

gaps between the myelin sheath - speed up impulse conduction

Question 18

what is contained in the white matter of CNS

Answer 18

axons

Question 19

What is contained in the grey matter of CNS

Answer 19

cell bodies: neurones, synapses, support cells

Question 20

what structures connects the left and right cerebral hemisphere

Answer 20

corpus callosum

Question 21

what structure separates the brain sagittally

Answer 21

longitudinal fissure

Question 22

what makes up the lentiform nucleus

Answer 22

putamen globus pallidus

Question 23

where is CSF found

Answer 23

ventricles + subarachnoid space

Question 24

where is the subarachnoid space

Answer 24

between arachnoid + Pia mater

Question 25

where does subarachnoid space end

Answer 25

S2

Question 26

where is CSF produced

Answer 26

choroid plexus of lateral + 3rd ventricles

Question 27

what reabsorbs CSF

Answer 27

via arachnoid granulations into dural venous sinus

Question 28

where does the dural venous sinus drain

Answer 28

internal jugular vein

Question 29

how do pre-synaptic sympathetic axons leave the spinal cord

Answer 29

via anterior root

Question 30

at what vertebral levels is there sympathetic outflow

Answer 30

T1-L2

Question 31

how do pre-synaptic parasympathetic axons leave the spinal cord

Answer 31

via cranial nerves

Question 32

which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic axons

Answer 32

CN 3, 7, 9, 10

Question 33

where is a spinal nerve found

Answer 33

only in the intervertebral foramina

Question 34

what does the posterior root of spinal cord contain

Answer 34

sensory axons

Question 35

what does the anterior root of spinal cord contain

Answer 35

motor axons

Question 36

what axons does spinal nerve contain

Answer 36

motor + sensory

Question 37

what is a nerve plexus

Answer 37

intertwined anterior rami