Spinal fracture Flashcards
Risk factors for osteoporotic fractures
Advancing age
Previous history of fragility fracture
Frequent or prolonged use of glucocorticoids
History of falls
Family history of hip fracture
Alternative causes of secondary osteoporosis (cushing’s, hyperthyroid, chronic renal disease)
Low BMI <18.5
Tobacco smoking
High alcohol intake
Presentation of osteoporotic vertebral fracture
Asymptomatic: may be diagnosed through an incidental finding on xray
Acute back pain
Breathing difficulties: changes in shape and length of vertebrae lead to compression of organs
GI problems: due to compression of abdominal organs
Minority will have history of fall/ trauma
Signs
Loss of height: compression of the spinal vertebrae
Kyphosis
Localised tenderness of palpation of spinous processes
Investigations
Xray of spine: first investigation ordered and may show wedging of the vertebra due to compression of bone
May show old fractures (sclerotic appearance)
Other investigations
CT spine: more detailed view of bone structure; visualise extent/ features of fracture more clearly
MRI spine: differentiating osteoporotic fractures from those caused by another pathology