Acid-base abnormality Flashcards

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1
Q

Causes of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

GI bicarbonate loss: diarrhoea, uterosignoidostomy, fistula

Renal tubular acidosis

Drugs e.g. acetozolamide

Ammonium chloride injection

Addison’s disease

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2
Q

Causes of raised anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

Lactate: shock, hypoxia

Ketones: DKA, alcohol

Urate: renal failure

Acid poisoning: salycylates, methanol

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3
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Vomiting/ aspiration

Liquorice, carbenoxolone

Hypokalaemia

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Cushing’s syndrome

Bartter’s syndrome

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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4
Q

Causes of respiratory acidosis

A

COPD

Decompensation in other respiratory conditions e.g. life-threatening asthma/ pulmonary oedema

Sedative drugs: benzodiazepines, opiate overdose

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5
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

Anxiety leading to hyperventilation

Pulmonary embolism

Salicylate poisoning

CNS disorders: stroke, SAH, encephalitis

Altitude

Pregnancy

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6
Q

Anion gap calculation

A

(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)

Normal range is 10-18mmol/L

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7
Q

Salicylate poisoning

A

Early stimulation of respiratory centre leads to a respiratory alkalosis

Later the direct acid effects of salicylates (combined with acute renal failure) may lead to an acidosis

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