Spinal Cord Injury (Exam 4)

Question 1

Injury typically trauma from outside force that causes stretching, bruising, lacerations, compression.

Answer 1

Spinal Cord Injury

Question 2

Primary damage is mechanical injury to _____.

Answer 2

Neurons

Question 3

Secondary damage is injury to ______ and _____.

Answer 3

Biochemical and Histological Changes.

Question 4

Typical patients are _____.

Answer 4

Young Caucasian Men.

Question 5

Causes of Spinal Cord Injuries

Answer 5

MVA, Falls, Violence (Gunshot wounds, Stabbings)

Question 6

Mortality rates higher in the ____ year.

Answer 6

First

Question 7

Partial or complete preservation of motor function, sensory function or both in the S4-S5 spinal segments, anal sensation, voluntary contraction of the external anal sphincter indicate sensory and motor incomplete injury.

Answer 7

Sacral Sparing

Question 8

May occur with complete injury. Most caudal segment with some sensory of motor function. Random sensation lower than the level of injury.

Answer 8

Zone of Partial Preservation (ZPP)

Question 9

Motor level of injury is determined by last nerve root that innervates key muscles a ___ strength. Providing that the muscles innervated about are normal 5 strength.

Answer 9

3+ (Fair +)

Question 10

Sensory level of injury determined by last nerve root at which sensation is _____.

Answer 10

Normal

Question 11

Four extremities involved. Formerly quadriplegia. Any level from C8 and above, including any UE.

Answer 11

Tetraplegia

Question 12

Begins at TI, UE not effected. Includes any LE.

Answer 12

Paraplegia

Question 13

Spasticity, hypertonicity, pathologic reflexes.

Answer 13

UMNL

Question 14

Flaccidity, atrophy, absence of reflexes.

Answer 14

LMNL

Question 15

Hemi-section of spinal cord. Pure injury is rare. Contralateral loss pain and temperature sensations. Ipsilateral loss proprioception. Ipsilateral spastic motor paralysis below level of injury.

Answer 15

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Question 16

Primarily seen in older people with cervical spondylosis. Hyperextension injuries. UEs > LEs because of location of tracts.

Answer 16

Central Cord Syndrome

Question 17

Anterior portion spinal cord damaged more than posterior portion. More dorsal tracts (proprioception) spared. More anterior tracts (motor) more affected.

Answer 17

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Question 18

Injury to L5 nerve roots within neural canal. Peripheral nerve injury/ LMNL. Areflexic motor injury.

Answer 18

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Question 19

Total body sympathetic nervous system response to noxious stimuli, which may be see in T6 and above. Medical emergency, remove noxious stimuli.

Answer 19

Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD)

Question 20

Mechanical instability, inflammation, muscle spasm overuse of muscles and joints, dull, aching, movement-related, shoulder and wrist common.

Answer 20

Musculoskeletal Pain

Question 21

Sharp, stabbing, buring, or electrical pain associated with painful, hypersensitive response to normally non-noxious stimuli.

Answer 21

Neuropathic Pain

Question 22

Pooling of blood in legs and abdomen.

Answer 22

Orthostatic Hypotension

Question 23

Abnormal overgrowth of bone in joint space or around joint. Usually occurs 3 months of injury and associated with spasticity. Hip most affected.

Answer 23

Heterotopic Ossification (HO)

Question 24

Declines significantly during first 3 months and reaches loss of about 37% by 16 months.

Answer 24

Decrease Bone Mineral Density

Question 25

Is characterized by a period of flaccidity, areflexia, loss of bowel and bladder function, and autonomic deficits including decreased arterial blood pressure and poor temperature regulation below the level of injury. Normally lasts 24-48 hours.

Answer 25

Spinal Shock

Question 26

Necrosis secondary to obstructed blood flow such as embolus or thrombus.

Answer 26

Infarct to Spinal Cord

Question 27

Anterior

Answer 27

Motor

Question 28

Posterior

Answer 28

Sensory