Motor Control & Motor Learning (Exam 2)

Question 1

The ability to maintain and change posture and movement, is the result of a complex set of neurologic and mechanical processes.

Answer 1

Motor Control

Question 2

Study of nature and cause of movement.

Answer 2

Motor Control

Question 3

Performed with context of an environment. How do people walk?

Answer 3

Action

Question 4

Essential to action and vice versa.

Answer 4

Perception

Question 5

Attention, motivation, and emotional aspects that underlie the establishment of intent or goals.

Answer 5

Cognition

Question 6

Need all 3 for the nature of MC.

Answer 6

Action, Perception, Cognition

Question 7

Highest level of control.

Answer 7

Cortex

Question 8

Basic unit of movement in the motor control model.

Answer 8

Reflexes

Question 9

Equilibrium reactions

Answer 9

Cortex

Question 10

Righting reactions

Answer 10

Midbrain

Question 11

Postural tonic reflexes

Answer 11

Brainstem

Question 12

Phasic primitive reflexes

Answer 12

Spinal Cord

Question 13

Simplest reflexes, occur at the spinal cord level. Occur early in the life span of an infant.

Answer 13

Primitive Reflexes

Question 14

Associated with the brain stem of the CNS. Produce changes in muscle tone and posture. Most of these reflexes are integrated by 4-6 months.

Answer 14

Tonic Reflexes

Question 15

Complex postural responses that continue to be present in adulthood. Involve head and trunk; provide body with automatic way to respond to movement within and outside body’s BOS.

Answer 15

Righting and Equilibrium Reactions

Question 16

Random movements. Example: Random movements.

Answer 16

Mobility

Question 17

Maintenance of a posture. Example: Quadruped.

Answer 17

Stability

Question 18

Movement with a posture. Example: Sit to stand.

Answer 18

Controlled Mobility

Question 19

Movement from one posture to another. Example: Creeping or Walking

Answer 19

Skill

Question 20

During the action, making changes right then.

Answer 20

Closed Loop

Question 21

After the error is detected.

Answer 21

Open Loop

Question 22

Learning new skill or relearning old skill as a whole activity.

Answer 22

Stage I: Cognition/Acquisition

Question 23

Allowing patient to practice and self-correct is also important during this stage. Giving time to self-correct before offering feedback is important to learning.

Answer 23

Stage 1: Cognition/Acquisition

Question 24

Patients can run the program with in specific environmental constraints. Decrease in error during activity. Less effort required for performance. Example: One surface

Answer 24

Stage 2: Associative/Refinement

Question 25

Patient moves to a variety of different environments and retains control of the whole program. Example: Any surface.

Answer 25

Stage 3: Autonomous Stage/Retention

Question 26

Changing overtime.

Answer 26

Open skills.

Question 27

Constant.

Answer 27

Closed skills.

Question 28

Which skill is harder open or closed?

Answer 28

Open skills.

Question 29

Based upon sensory responses inherent to the patient's body as part of the desired movement.

Answer 29

Intrinsic Feedback

Question 30

Based upon outside source of providing feedback. Independence is not learned until patient can self-correct using intrinsic feedback.

Answer 30

Extrinsic Feedback

Question 31

Uses sensory system such as therapist's voice.

Answer 31

KP or Knowledge of Performance

Question 32

Informs a patient as to whether task is accomplished or how close the movement comes to accomplishing task.

Answer 32

KR or Knowledge of Results

Question 33

Immediate behavioral performance, will learn to rely on external feedback.

Answer 33

Constant Feedback

Question 34

3 Schedules of External Feedback

Answer 34

Summed, Faded, Bandwidth

Question 35

Feedback after a set number of trials.

Answer 35

Summed Feedback

Question 36

Initially feedback after every trial, then decreasing to every other trial, every third, every fourth, etc.

Answer 36

Faded Feedback

Question 37

Feedback only when performance is beyond a given range of error.

Answer 37

Bandwidth Feedback