Reflexes and Reactions (Exam 2)

Question 1

Equilibrium Reactions - Midbrain
Onset:
Prone: 6 months
Supine and sitting: 7-8 months
Integration: Persists
Stimulus: Tilt support surface to displace center of gravity.
Response: Trunk curves toward upward site with extension/abduction of limbs on that side. Protective extension on downward side.

Answer 1

Lack of Onset:
Prone: Interferes with ability to make transitional movements, sit, and creep.
Sitting: Interferes with ability to sit and maintain balance when reaching for items.

Question 2

Equilibrium Reactions - Midbrain
Onset:
Quadruped: 9-12 months
Standing: 12-21 months
Integrations: Persists
Stimulus: Apply force or observe a force that alters center of gravity.
Response: Trunk curves toward external force with extension/abduction of limbs on the side the force was applied.

Answer 2

Lack of Onset:
Quadruped: Interferes with ability to crawl, reach, grab items.
Standing: Interferes with ability to stand, walk and make transitional movements.

Question 3

Primary Standing
Onset: Birth
Integrated: 2 months
Stimulus: Place feet flat on a firm surface
Response: Partial extension of hips and knees, weight bearing of the legs

Answer 3

Primitive Reflex - Spinal Cord

Question 4

Stepping Reflex
Onset: Birth
Integrated: 2 months
Stimulus: Gentle contact of soles of feet while slowly tilting and moving forward
Response: Heel-toe stepping movements

Answer 4

Primitive - Spinal Cord

Question 5

Galant Reflex
Onset: Birth
Integrated: 2 months
Stimulus: In prone position over practitioners knees, gentle pressure (lateral to the vertebra) along one side of the spine from the twelfth rib to the iliac crest
Response: lateral flexion towards the side that is stimulated

Answer 5

Primitive Reflex - Spinal

Question 6

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) - Brainstem
Allows the baby to straighten arms and bend legs while it looks up.
Onset: 6-9 months
Integration: 9-12 months
Stimulus: Flexion or extension of head. 
Response: 
Head Flexion: Arms flex, legs extend.
Head Extension: Arms extend, legs flex.

Answer 6

Retention of Reflex:
Affect a child’s ability to crawl on hands and knees (creeping). Can lead to poor posture, poor hand-eye coordination, messy eating, and difficulty with balance.