Spinal Cord Injuries Class 1 Flashcards
the spinal cord ends at ___/____
L1/L2
L1/L2 aka _____ ______
conus medullaris
T/F the cauda equina is NOT considered part of the spinal cord
true
T/F there are 8 cervical spinal nerves but only 7 cervical vertebrae
true
efferent neurons send axons into the ____ ____
ventral roots
projection fibres send axons into ______ _____ matter to travel to the brain
spinal white
axons form tracts associated with _______ spinal pathways
ascending
interneurons: the axons remain in the _____ _____ matter to determine _____ _____ of the spinal cord
spinal grey, reflex responses
T/F ascending pathways normally start with “spino”
true
cutaneous receptors, proprioceptors, and visceral receptors throughout most of the body received _____ _____ information such as pain`
sensory afferent
the anterior spinothalamic tract is an _______ tract
ascending
the signals transmitted via the anterior thalamic tract is considered ______ or non discriminative touch
crude
the anterior thalamic tract is located within the anterior ____ _____ within the spinal cord
white matter
the anterior thalamic tract ascends ________
contralaterally
in terms of decussation, where/when does the anterior spinothalamic tract decussate
immediately upon entry into the SC
the ______ spinothalamic tract senses pain and temperature
lateral
the lateral spinothalamic tract is located in the lateral ______ ________ within the spinal cord
white matter
the lateral spinothalamic tract ascends _________
contralaterally
the lateral spinothalamic tract decussates ______ upon entry into the spinal cord
immediately
the _____ columns transmit discriminative touch and are located in the dorsal white matter
dorsal
the dorsal columns ascend _______
ipsilaterally
the dorsal columns decussate in the ______ (medulla)
brainstem
the ______cerebellar tract transmits unconscious proprioception and is located in the lateral ______ ______
spinocerebellar, white matter
the spinocerebellar tract ascends ________
ipsilaterally
T/F the spinocerebellar tract does not decussate
true
in the lower body, conscious proprioception and vibration travel via the ______ ______
fasciculus gracilis
in the upper body, conscious proprioception and vibration travel via the ______ _______
fasciculus cutaneous
2 tracts in the anterolateral system include the ________spinothalamic & _______ spinothalamic tract
anterior, lateral
T/F both the anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts are 3 neuron pathways
true
the ___________ tract aka “double crosser” usually crosses ipsilaterally however 10% of the time it can cross contralateral
spinocerebellar
T/F the spinocerebellar tract has a 3rd order neuron
false
the corticospinal (pyramidal) pathway is a ______ pathway
descending
the signal produced by the corticospinal tract is ________ skeletal muscle
voluntary
the cortiocospinal tract is ___% in the lateral white matter and ___% in the anterior white matter
80%, 20%
T/F the cortiocspinal descends ipsilaterally & contralaterally
true
the corticospinal tract decussates in the _______ @ _____ level
brainstem, @ spinal level
the extra-pyramidal tract is in charge of _______ skeletal muscle
involuntary
T/F the extrapyramidal tract dampens erratic movements and maintains muscle tone
true
the extrapyramidal tract desecnds ______
ipsilaterally
the extrapyramidal tract is located in the lateral _____ ____
white matter
the extrapyramidal tract decussates at ______ level
spinal
T/F all corticospinal tracts first order neurons synapse in the lateral grey horn of the spinal cord with lower motor neurons
false, anterior
the _________ tract is in charge of controlling limb flexor muscles
rubrospinal
the _________ tract is in charge of reflex responses to visual input
tectospinal
the _______ tract is in charge of mediating excitation of limb extensors
vestibulospinal
the _______ tract controls reflex activities and muscle tone/ vital functions
reticulospinal
the ________ tract conveys information from cutaneous/ proprioceptive organs
olivospinal
T/F there are no descending tracts from the cerebellum - as it has an indirect effect on motor activity
true
