Cancer Classes 1-3 Flashcards
______ a term used to describe a large group of diseases that are characterized by cellular malfunction
cancer
which of the following are causes of cancer?
a) aging
b) environmental factors
c)chance
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
______ ______: cells are produced, they mature, then they die
cell proliferation
____ _____: process by which stem and progenitor cells evolve into specialized cells
cell differentiation
_____ ______: reduction of the number and size of parenchymal cells
cellular atrophy
_____ ______: increase in size of parenchymal cells
cellular hypertrophy
____ _______: increase in number of parenchymal cells (may be normal or normal)
cellular hyperplasia
_______: reversible adaptive changes in cell differentiation ( no mutations, only functional change)
metaplasia
_______: abnormal growth, may or may not develop into malignancy, can be high or low grade “pre-cancerous lesion”
dysplasia
high-grade dysplasia is aka ______ in ______
carcinoma in situ
another word for tumor is ______
neoplasm
T/F tumors can be parasitic on the nutritional and hormonal supplies of the host structure
true
_____: tumor growth or mass
neoplasia
neoplasms can be _____ or _____
benign or malignant
2 key characteristics that are exclusive to cancer are _____ & _____
metastasis & anaplasia
______: capacity of cells to leave one tissue area, migrate to distal sites and establish new populations of cells (the leading cause of death from cancer)
metastasis
T/F when cancer stays where it begins it is very treatable
true
T/F cancer cells are very responsive
false, they do whatever they want
cancer spreads from the original tumor by ___ mechanisms
a) 2
b)3
c) 4
c)4
T/F cancer can spread through body cavities
true (1/4 ways for it to spread)
progressive _____ local invasion of other nearby structures is one of 4 ways cancer spreads
direct
______ ______ is when cancer spreads to a different site via the bloodstream
hematogenous metastasis
_____ _____ is when cancer spreads to distant sites via the lymphatic system
lymphogenous metastasis
_______: mutations in cellular genetic makeup that make the cells more “stem cell-like” making them able to launch new populations of renegade cells like themselves
anaplasia
T/F there are at least 6 stages of genetic mutation before metastasis
false, there are atleast 10
when taking a biopsy, they are looking for _____ as it is exclusive to cancer
anaplasia
T/F massage therapy promotes metastasis
false
the _____ - ______ mechanical theory of metastasis: the thought that manual therapy caused or promoted metastasis
1920-1930
stage one of metastasis is _____ _____
genetic mutation
the second stage of metastasis is _____ _____
cell shedding