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T3 Systems :( > CNS Classes 7 & 8 > Flashcards

CNS Classes 7 & 8 Flashcards

1
Q

a ______ _____; is a set of neurons involved in enacting the reflex response in the basic spinal cord type

A

reflex arc

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2
Q

T/F there are 3 neurons involved in a reflex arc

A

true

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3
Q

_______; a first order neuron, communicating about nociception, temperature, stretch etc

A

afferent

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4
Q

the purpose of a ______ reflex is to protect the muscle belly from an overstretch injury

A

stretch

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5
Q

a stretch reflex arc begins with a _____ ________ neuron going directly to an alpha motor neuron and is monosynaptic

A

1A Sensory

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6
Q

during a stretch reflex, 1A ________ firing as the muscle belly elongates, especially if the stretch happens quickly or is nearing the end range

A

increases

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7
Q

as the muscle firing escalates, it increases ______ chemistry in the synapse, causing alpha activation the muscle tightens to counteract the stretch

A

excitation

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8
Q

1A neurons release __________

A

acetylcholine

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9
Q

the purpose of a ______ reflex is to protect the tendon from overstretch injury

A

GTO

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10
Q

GTO reflexes synapse in the _____ horn

A

dorsal

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11
Q

GTO reflexes use _____ sensory neurons

A

1B

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12
Q

1B is ________ but the reflex response needs to reduce stress on the tendon, requiring inhibition of alpha motor neurons

A

excitatory

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13
Q

T/F 1B decreases firing as the tendon elongates especially if the stretch happens quickly

A

false, 1B increases firing etc

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14
Q

1B releases ________ towards the interneuron which activates the interneuron; the interneuron releases ______ which is inhibitory alpha motor neurons

A

acetylcholine, GABA

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15
Q

in relation to reciprocal inhibition, 1A transmits back through the _______ horn and synapses with _______ motor neurons in the anterior horn

A

dorsal, alpha

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16
Q

when the quad 1A is activated by stretch, in addition to initiating a quad stretch reflex response it also activates a _______ ______

A

relaxation response

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17
Q

in relation to the GTO reflex. 1A transmits from the ______ and 1B from the _____, into the spinal cord through the dorsal horn

A

muscle belly, tendon

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18
Q

T/F each reflex arc can create a protective response

A

true

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19
Q

T/F HMC’s have no influence on the basic protective reflexes

A

false

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20
Q

______ is muscle hypertonia as a result of exaggerated dysregulated reflex response

A

spasticity

21
Q

T/F spasticity does not occur as a result of damage to one HMC

A

true

22
Q

spasticity typically results from ______ _____ lesions

A

white matter

23
Q

______ ______, an infarction causes fatal axonal injuries to a group of neurons supplied by the affected artery

A

stroke pattern

24
Q

______ ______; accumulation of a large number of plaques throughout the UMN’s even though they are small, they add up to disconnecting transmission from reaching the anterior horn cells in an effective way

A

MS pattern

25
Q

traumatic _______ injuries can occur in numerous presentations - in the brainstem or in the spinal cord

A

traumatic brain injuries

26
Q

T/F reflexes are autonomous - they do not require CNS involvement to perform their basic response

A

true

27
Q

______ is velocity dependent, meaning it is more noticeable with fast movements/ stronger involuntary contractions due to rapid movement triggers

A

spasticity

28
Q

T/F rigidity will have the same resistance in all directions affecting all muscles surrounding a particular joint equally

A

true

29
Q

more tone in the initial parts of the movement is aka _____ _____ spasticity

A

clasp knife spasticity

30
Q

T/F spasticity is usually accompanied by increased tendon reflexes and a Babinski response

A

true

31
Q

with _____ muscle tone is increased even at rest and usually present during PROM

A

rigidity

32
Q

_______; the primacy of the basic excitatory protective reflexes which are operating with poor or absent HMC modulation, exaggerated response to both normal and noxious stimuli

A

hyperreflexia

33
Q

_____ cascade reaction: one stimulus results in the activation of a sequence of reflex responses that spread in either or both directions from the original activation

A

reflex

34
Q

_____ dominance; the spasticity causing lesion causes the motor system to revert where flexion is the normal comfortable resting positions for the affected joints

A

flexion

35
Q

______ sign; normal reflex in young infants and part of the basic full-body withdrawal reflex pattern

A

babinski’s

36
Q

T/F the term Babinski’s sign is used when Babinski’s reflex is present abnormally

A

true

37
Q

_______ alternating activation of agonist and antagonist stretch reflex responses acting on a joint causing reverberation

A

clonus

38
Q

______ co- contractions: abnormal antagonist contractions that occur during voluntary agonist effort when observing it clinically it looks like rigidity

A

spastic

39
Q

in muscle tone abnormalities, resting tone may be too _____ or too ______/ can fluctuate

A

high or low

40
Q

T/F tone can drastically change with emotion, pain etc

A

true

41
Q

patients with spasticity may have _____ motor control

A

diminished

42
Q

patients with spasticity may have reduced _____, early activation of protective reflexes and _____

A

ROM, ischemia

43
Q

1A neuronal _______; phenomenon in which 1a neurons add axon terminal branches increasing their number of synapses on their partner alpha motor neuron in the stretch reflex

A

sprouting

44
Q

T/F neuronal sprouting intensifies spasticity because it is hyperreflexic

A

true

45
Q

reduced spinal cord availability of _____; reduces the strength and reaction of the GTO reflex because the GTO response while still present is weaker and shorter in duration

A

GABA

46
Q

______ increases spasticity due to lack of circulation

A

ischemia

47
Q

T/F compensatory postures and movements may also overstress muscles and result in spastic reactions

A

true

48
Q

______ compromises tissue circulation and joint health, therefore increasing spasticity by reducing the amount of tolerable movement

A

contracture

T3 Systems :( (12 decks)

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