CNS Class 13 (Epilepsy) Flashcards
T/F epilepsy is one of the most common CNS disorders
true
_____ a sudden onset, self limiting episode of physical or psychological dysfunction
seizure
another word used in regards to a seizure is _____
ictal
irritable or epileptogenic ______: a specific location in brain tissue (tumor, aneurysm etc.) which irritates neurons causing them to fire abnormally
focus
T/F you can only have a seizure if you have epilepsy
false
T/F patients normally only have one irritable focus
false
an ______, is a sensory hallucination and in people with epilepsy it is classified as focal onset awareness
aura
_____ ______ seizures are sometimes called warnings or auras because sometimes they can develop into another type of seizure
focal awareness
TT/F every patient experiences the exact same aura as a warning sign
false
T/F each person will normally have about 1 or 2 auras that are characteristic for them
true
a _____ aura would include something like flashing lights
visual
a ______ aura would include something like an unpleasant scent
smell
a _____ aura would be something like a weird taste
taste
T/F a typical aura for some epilepsy patients includes deja vu
true
a ______ is a stimulus - usually sensory that produces abnormal brain activity
trigger
sleep deprivation, fatigue, anxiety, hormonal changes, and overstimulation are all examples of:
triggers
T/F 75% of seizures happen before 18
true
50% of seizures are ______
idiopathic
cerebral palsy, autism, learning disabilities like dyslexic and psychosis are all examples of disorders associated with ______
seizures
at the histological level there is an ______ of excitatory and inhibitory neurochemistry
imbalance
reduced _____ mediated inhibitory processes alter the sodium potassium
GABA
Depolarized = _______
Repolarized = ________
firing, resting
panic attacks, hypoglycemia, paroxysmal movement disorders and TIA’s are examples of things that are _______ as _______
misdiagnosed as epilepsy
medications for seizures are used ___ term and most people need ____ kinds
long, two
surgery is a _____ _____
last resort
T/F there are many types of epileptic seizures
true
the 3 major groups of seizure types includes _________ onset, ______ onset and _______ onset
generalized, focal and unknown
some epilepsy causes in seniors includes certain prescription ______ _______, stroke, dementia, _______ and brain tumours
drug use, infections
the most common cause of epilepsy worldwide is _________
infections
infections causing epilepsy includes, ___, viral encephalitis, bacterial meningitis and ________
HIV, tuberculosis
when depolarization is over _______ rushes back into the neuron
potassium
at a histological level during a seizure, the shift in the balance of ______ and ______ neurochemistry set off intense spontaneous depolarizations
exctiatory and inhibitory
Epilepsy is diagnosed using a ___
EEG (electroencephalogram)
_______ seizures affect both sides of the brain or groups of cells on both sides of the brain at the same time
generalized
_______ -________: formerly known as Grand Mal or convulsive seizures
tonic-clonic
T/F in a tonic-clonic seizure, tonus begins first
true
tonic-clonic seizures normally begin with an _____ for some people
aura
T/F during a tonic-clonic seizure, one might bite their tongue
true
_______ and incontinence may occur during a tonic clinic seizure
cyanosis
consciousness returns _____ after a tonic-clonic seizure, afterward, the person may be ______ or irritable for up to 48 hours
slowly, sleepy
the typical duration for a tonic-clonic seizure is ___-___ minutes
1- 3
T/F tonic-clonic seizures are a very common seizure type and are one of the most dangerous/ subject to frequent complications
true
an _____ seizure is formerly known as petit mal
absence
a person stares into space or has a blank look, these symptoms describe an ______ seizure
absence
absence seizures normally last less than ____ seconds but atypical ones may last upwards of ___ seconds
10,20
T/F absence seizures can happen at any time, including during physical activity
True
the most common age to experience absence seizures is ___-____
4-14
T/F major symptoms follow an absence seizure
false
______ or drop attacks/ drop seizures include part or all of the body becoming limp
atonic
if standing during atonic seizure, the person usually ____ to the ____
falls to the ground
atonic seizures normally last less than ___ seconds
15
during ____ seizures people may get injured when they fall, head protection such as a helmet or other protective gear may be needed
atonic
T/F atonic seizures begin in adulthood
false, they begin in childhood and MAY last into adult years
a _____ seizure is a sudden,brief, jerky contraction usually causing abnormal movements BL
myoclonic
T/F myoclonic seizures usually last 5-10 seconds
false, 1-2 seconds
when a myoclonic seizure ends, the person usually _______ what they were doing before the seizure
continues
T/F after a myoclonic seizure, the person is awake and able to think clearly
true
____ onset seizure can start in one area or a group of cells in ONE side of the brain
focal
__________ _______ seizures only occur on one side of the body; it progresses in a predictable pattern, from twitching or a tingling sensation and continuing down their entire body from head to toe
jacksonian march
T/F jacksonian march seizures are extremely violent
false, they are generally brief and mild, no confusion afterwards
_____ onset impaired awareness (formerly known as a psychomotor seizure)
focal
a person feeling confused or with their awareness affected in some way; this is an example of,
focal onset impaired awareness
T/F focal onset impaired awareness is usually seen in children
false, adults
F.O.I.A may begin with ______ feelings or experiential hallucinations
strange
duration of F.O.I.A is normally ___ seconds to ___ minutes
30, 2
F.O.I.A may include ______ (Semicoordinated, repetitive motor activities that are associated with impaired awareness)
automatism
lip-smacking movements, getting up and walking out the door and sleepwalking are all examples of _______
automatism
T/F post ictal amnesia is typical during F.O.I.A
True
_____ are a common occurrence with epilepsy, any seizures that involve loss of consciousness or spastic movements are especially risky
injuries
______ ______ aka postictal paralysis; when a seizure is followed by a brief period of temporary paralysis
todd’s paralysis
T/F todds paralysis can last up to 36 hours
true
_______ ________ occurs when a seizure lasts too long (greater than 5 minutes)
status epilepticus
_____ ______ can occur in convulsive seizures, usually as a result of heart muscle dysthymia
cardiac arrest
________ _______ is most often a result of airway blockage
respiratory arrest
15-30% of individuals experience an increase in seizure activity while ________
pregnant
As an RMT be sure to eliminate any potential ______ for epileptic patients
triggers
if your patient begins to have a seizure, put them in the _____ position on the table or the floor
recovery
