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PTRS 852 - Neuro PT I Midterm > Spinal Cord and PNS > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and PNS Flashcards

1
Q

4 Functions of the Spinal Cord

A
  1. Sensory from PNS to brain
  2. Motor from brain to PNS
  3. Reflexes
  4. Modifying ascend/descending information
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2
Q

Term: Connective tissue that connects end of cord to coccyx, places tension on the spinal cord in flexion

A

Filum terminale

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3
Q

Term: L2-S5 nerve roots

A

Cauda equina

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4
Q

Term: L1-L2 intervertebral space

A

End of Spinal Cord

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5
Q

Spinal Nerves (all in pairs)

  1. Total
  2. Cervical
  3. Thoracic
  4. Lumbar
  5. Sacral
  6. Coccygeal
A
  1. 31
  2. 8
  3. 12
  4. 5
  5. 5
  6. 1
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6
Q

Describe the location of spinal nerve in relation to vertebral bodies

A

C1-C7 exit ABOVE their corresponding vertebra

C8 exits BELOW C7 vertebra

All others exit BELOW their corresponding vertebra

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7
Q

Describe why the cord is thicker or enlarged at the C&L-spine

A

Due to nerve plexuses - need to fit in all the MU for innervation of the extremities

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8
Q

Defn: Dorsal root ganglia

A

Sensory neuron cell bodies

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9
Q

Term: Nerve roots extening from end of spinal cord

A

Cauda Equina

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10
Q

Location: Spinal nerves exit

A

Intervertebral space

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11
Q

Location: Dorsal rootlets enter

A

Posterolateral sulcus (form dorsal root)

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12
Q

Location: Ventral rootlets exit

A

Anterolateral sulcus (form ventral root)

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13
Q

Structure: Formed by dorsal and ventral root

A

Spinal Nerve

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14
Q

Type of Matter: in the spinal cord is arranged in horns

A

Gray matter

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15
Q

Type of Matter: In the spinal cord is arranged in columns

A

White matter

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16
Q

Term: Pathways to the brain

A

Tract cells

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17
Q

2 Types of LMN

A
  1. Alpha (primary) - innervate mm
  2. Gamma - innervate spindle fibers, detect quick stretch and maintain appropriate length
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18
Q

Type of Matter:

  • Sensory
  • Contains endings of sensory neurons
  • Interneurons
  • Cell bodies of tract cells
A

Gray matter - Dorsal horn

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19
Q

Type of Matter:

  • From T1-L2
  • Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons
A

Gray matter - Lateral horn

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20
Q

Type of Matter:

  • Motor
  • Cell bodies of LMN
A

Gray matter - Ventral horn

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21
Q

Type of Matter:

  • Sensory tracts
  • Discrimative touch
  • Conscious proprioception
A

White matter - Dorsal column

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22
Q

Type of Matter:

  • Sensory tracts
  • Motor tracts
A

White matter - Lateral column

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23
Q

Type of Matter:

  • Motor tracts
  • Postural regulation
A

White matter - Anterior column

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24
Q

2 Regions within the Dorsal Column

A
  1. Fasciculus Gracilis (LE)
  2. Fasciculus Cuneatus (UE)
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25
Q

Structure:

  • Indicates that you are in the C-spine
  • Separates Fasciculus Gracilis and Cuneatus
A

Posterior Intermediate Sulcus

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26
Q

5 Changes in the Spinal Cord as you DESCEND

A
  1. Decrease in white matter
    - MORE sensory info as you move UP, motor info descends LESS pathways needed lower down
  2. Overall size decreases
  3. No posterior intermediate sulcus below T2
  4. Lateral horn from T1-L2
  5. Anterior horn larger at C&L plexuses
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27
Q

Term: All structures enclosed in bone, brain and spinal cord

28
Q

Term: All neural structures distal to spinal nerves, sensory axons, motor/autonomic neurons, cranial nerves

29
Q

Term: Carries sensory information to spinal cord

A

Afferent Axon

30
Q

Term: Carries sensory infromation from spinal cord

A

Efferent Axon

31
Q

Term: Group of mm innervated by a single spinal nerve

32
Q

Term: Dermis innervated by a single spinal nerve

33
Q

Signs and Symptoms of CNS Injury

A

Motor/Sensory/Autonomic deficits will be in a myotomal/dermatomal distribution

Will still receive some input/output from surrounding spinal levels

34
Q

Signs and Symptoms of PNS Injury

A

Motor/sensory deficits will be in a peripheral nerve distribution

35
Q

5 Periphery Deficit Signs

A
  1. Paresis or paralysis
  2. Sensory loss
  3. Abnormal sensation
  4. Muscle atrophy
  5. Reduced/absent DTR
36
Q

Type of Neuron:

  • Axons that descend from cerebral cortex or brain stem
  • 1st pathway
  • Completely within CNS
A

Upper Motor Neuron

37
Q

Type of Neuron:

  • Cell body in brain stem or ventral horn
  • Axon leaves CNS
  • Synapses in PNS (on mm)
  • 2nd pathway
A

Lower Motor Neuron

38
Q

4 Clinical Signs of UMN Injury

A
  1. Paresis (not complete loss or paralysis - mutliple levels coming down)
  2. Spasticity
  3. Hypertonia
  4. Hyperreflexia
39
Q

5 UMN Diseases

A
  1. Stroke
  2. SCI
  3. PD
  4. TBI
  5. MS
40
Q

4 Clinical Signs of LMN Injury

A
  1. Loss of reflexes or Hyporeflexia
  2. Atrophy
  3. Flaccid paralysis
  4. Fibrillations/Fasciculations
41
Q

4 LMN Diseases

A
  1. Stroke
  2. Polio
  3. Peripheral nerve injury
  4. Guillian Barre Syndrome
42
Q

Disease that affects both UMN and LMN

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

43
Q

Term: 10 histologic regions of spinal gray matter

A

Rexed’s Laminae

44
Q

Function: Substantia Gelatinosa (LII)

A

Process pain information

45
Q

Function: Nucleus Proprius (LIII&IV)

A

Processes conscious proprioception and discriminative touch

46
Q

Function: Nucleus Dorsalis or Clark’s Column (LVII)

A

Relays unconscious proprioceptive information to cerebellum

47
Q

Rexed Laminae: Processes pain information

A

Substantia Gelatinosa (LII)

48
Q

Rexed Laminae: Processes conscious proprioception and discriminative touch

A

Nucleus Proprius (LIII&IV)

49
Q

Rexed Laminae: Relays unconscious proprioceptive infromation to cerebellum

A

Nucleus Dorsalis or Clark’s Column (LVII)

50
Q

Term: Involuntary sterotyped response to a sensory input

51
Q

Term: Reflex that does not involve interneurons

A

Stretch Reflex

52
Q

2 parts of a Reflex Arc or Monosynaptic Reflex

A
  1. Quick stretch stimulates Ia afferent in mm spindle
  2. Ia afferent synapses in SC with alpha motor neuron located in dorsal horn
53
Q

2 Ways the Reflex Arc is Modulated

A
  1. Interneurons
  2. UMN
54
Q

Pathway Function: Dorsal Column Pathway (White)

A

F: Discriminative touch and conscious proprioception

55
Q

2 Columns in White Matter that are Sensory Pathways

A
  1. Dorsal Column
  2. Lateral Column
56
Q

Pathway Function and End Point: Spinothalamic Pathway (White)

A

F: Conscious pain and temperature

EP: Thalamus

57
Q

Pathway Function and End Point: Spinoreticular Pathway (White)

A

F: Alerting/Arousal; Unconscious Pain

EP: Reticular Area

58
Q

Pathway Function and End Point: Spinocerebellar Pathway (White)

A

F: Unconscious Proprioception

EP: Cerebellum

59
Q

3 Lateral Column Sensory Pathways (White)

A
  1. Spinothalamic
  2. Spinoreticular
  3. Spinocerebellar
60
Q

2 Columns in White Matter that are Motor Pathways

A
  1. Anterior Column
  2. Lateral Column
61
Q

Pathway Function: Lateral Corticospinal Pathway (White)

A

Primary motor ouput: voluntary movement and fine motor control

MOST CROSS

62
Q

Pathway Function: Medial Corticospinal Pathway (White)

A

Same function as Lateral Corticospinal pathway HOWEVER only makes up 10% of total corticospinal pathways

DO NOT CROSS

63
Q

Pathway Function: Rubrospinal Pathway (White)

A

Gross motor movements under voluntary control

64
Q

Location: Where rubrospinal pathway begins

A

Red Nucleus of Brainstem

65
Q

Pathway Function: Reticulospinal Pathway (White)

A

Trunk movements and postural control

66
Q

Pathway Function: Vestibulospinal Pathway (White)

A

Trunk movements and postural control

67
Q

Pathway Function: Tectospinal Pathway (White)

A

Refelxive movement of head

PTRS 852 - Neuro PT I Midterm (15 decks)

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