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PTRS 852 - Neuro PT I Midterm > Fundamental Knowledge > Flashcards

Fundamental Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

4 Components of a Neuron

A
  1. Dendrites
  2. Axon
  3. Presynaptic Terminal
  4. Soma/Cell Body
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2
Q

Structure: Receives infromation from other cells

A

Dendrite

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3
Q

Structure: Carries output information to presynaptic terminal

A

Axon

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4
Q

Structure: Trasmits infromtion to other cells via the release of NT

A

Presynaptic Terminals

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5
Q

Structure: Location of NT production

A

Soma/Cell Body

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6
Q

Neuron Type: Dendritic root and single axon

A

Bipolar

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7
Q

Neuron Type: single projection from soma that divides into two axons

A

Bipolar Subclass: Pseudounipolar

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8
Q

Defn: Peripheral axon

A

Carries information from the periphery to soma

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9
Q

Defn: Central axon

A

Carries information from soma to spinal cord

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10
Q

Neuron Type: Multiple dendrites with a single axon

A

Multipolar

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11
Q

Term: Essential for transmission of information

A

Electrical Potentials

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12
Q

Term: Required for maintaining and producing membrane potentials

A

Membrane Channels

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13
Q

Channel Type:

  • ALWAYS open
  • Diffusion from high to low concentrations
  • No energy required
A

Leak Channels

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14
Q

Channel Type:

  • Open in response to stimulus
  • Close when stimulus removed
A

Gated Channel

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15
Q

Channel Type:

  • Open in response to specific SENSORY information i.e. mechanical force, temperature, chemical
A

Modality-Gated Channel

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16
Q

Channel Type:

  • Open in response to a NT
A

Ligand-Gated Channel

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17
Q

Channel Type:

  • Open in resonse to electrical potential
  • Important for NT release and AP propagation
A

Voltage-Gated Channel

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18
Q

Term: difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane at rest

A

Resting Membrane Potential

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19
Q

Type of Potential:

  • NO net flow of ions
  • Excitable/Capable of producing change in ion flow
  • Neg 70 mV
A

Resting Membrane Potential

20
Q

Structure: Maintains resting membrane potential by moving 3 Na OUT and 2 K IN

A

Na/K Pump

21
Q

3 Ways Resting Membrane Potential is Maintained

A
  1. Na/K Pump
  2. Intracellular Anions (too large to diffuse out)
  3. Leak Channels (passive ion diffusion)
22
Q

Term: Change in resting potential resulting in the cell becoming excited and LESS negative

A

Depolarization

23
Q

Term: Change in resting potential resulting in inhibition and the cell becoming MORE negative

A

Hyperpolarization

24
Q

Type of Potential:

  • Initial change in membrane potential that can be summed (AP can develop)
  • Short distance
  • Excitatory or Inhibitory
  • Produced by modality/ligand-gated channels on the post-synaptic membrane
A

Local Potential

25
Q

Type of Potential

  • Larger in electrical potential
  • Depolarization repeatedly generated along axon length
  • All or none
  • Causes release of NT
A

Action Potential

26
Q

2 ways local potentials can be summed

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Spatial
27
Q

Term: Combined effect of local potentials occuring rapidly in step wise summation

A

Temporal Summation

28
Q

Term: Combined effec tof several small local potentials occurring at the same time

A

Spatial summation

29
Q

Degree of change in membrane potential required to initiate AP

A

~15 mV

30
Q

Term: No amount of stimulus will result in AP

A

Absolute Refractory Period

31
Q

Term: Stronger than usual stimulus will produce AP

A

Relative Refractory Period

32
Q

2 features that result in faster conduction

A
  1. Large diameter
  2. Myelination
33
Q

Term: Multiple inputs from several neurons termination on a single neuron

A

Convergence

ex. Hearing; Vision; Touch –> Sensory Association Area in Cortex

34
Q

Term: A single neuron bracnhes and synapses on muliple neurons

A

Divergence

ex. Pinprick a Sensory Neurons –> Motor Response; Conscious Pain; Unconscious Pain

35
Q

5 Functions of Glial Cells

A
  1. Provide structure
  2. Transmit Information
  3. Involved in Neural Development
  4. Repair s/p Brain Damage
  5. Maintain Blood/Brain Barrier
36
Q

3 Types of Macroglial cells

A
  1. Astrocytes (structure, regulate neural signaling, blood/brain barrier, development, recovery)
  2. Oligodendrocytes (produce myelin in CNS)
  3. Schwann cells (prodcue myelin in PNS, can take on astrocyte functions)
37
Q

Disease: Demyelination in the PNS, antibodies attack Schwann cells

A

Guillain-Barre

38
Q

Disease: Demyelination in the CNS, antibodies attack oligodendrocytes

A

Multiple Sclerosis

39
Q

Structure:

  • end of axon
  • releases NT
A

Presynaptic Terminal

40
Q

Structure:

  • Receiving cell
  • Contains receptors
  • Gland, mm cell, neuron
A

Post-synaptic Terminal

41
Q

Post-Synaptic Potential:

  • Depolarization
  • Summation can lead to AP
  • Na+ rushes in
A

Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential (EPSP)

42
Q

Post-Synaptic Potential:

  • Hyperpolarization
  • Decreases chance of AP
  • Cl- rushes in
A

Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential (IPSP)

43
Q

Pre-Synaptic Influence

  1. Pre-Synaptic Facilitation =
  2. Pre-Synaptic Inhibition =
A
  1. More NT released
  2. Less NT released
44
Q

Most prevalent NT in the PNS

A

Achetylcholine

45
Q

2 Main Inhibitory Aminao Acids

A
  1. GABA
  2. Glycine
46
Q

Main Excitatory Amino Acid

A

Glutamate

47
Q

NT: Important in pain perception and modulation

A

Peptides

PTRS 852 - Neuro PT I Midterm (15 decks)

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