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PTRS 852 - Neuro PT I Midterm > Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

3 Main Sections of the Brainstem

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
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2
Q

4 Tracts that Originate in the Brainstem

A
  1. Tectospinal
  2. Rubrospinal
  3. Reticulospinal
  4. Vestibulospinal
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3
Q

“2” Sections of the Brainstem

A
  1. Basilar
  2. Tegmentum
  3. Tectum (posterior section of midbrain)
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4
Q

Term: located in the anterior portion of the brainstem and contains predominately motor system structures

A

Basilar Section

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5
Q

Term: Contains descending motor axons from the cerbral cortex and motor nuclei

A

Basilar Section

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6
Q

Term: Located in the posterior portion of the brainstem

A

Tegmentum Section

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7
Q

Term: Contains the reticular formation, sensory nuclei and ascending tracts, CN nuclei, and the medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

Tegmentum Section

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8
Q

Term: Tract that coordinates eye and head movement

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

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9
Q

Term: Contains the pretectal area, superior/inferior colliculi, and reflexive control of eye and head movement

A

Tectum

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10
Q

Term: Reflexive turning of the head, auditory and visual information

A

Superior and Inferior Colliculi

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11
Q

Term: Adjusts general activity of the nervous system - alerting and arousal

A

Reticular Formation

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12
Q

3 Main Functions of the Reticular Area

A
  1. Integrates sensory and cortical information
  2. Regulates somatic motor actvity, autonomic function, and consciousness
  3. Modulates nociceptive information
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13
Q

4 Major Reticular Nuclei

A
  1. Ventral tegmental area
  2. Pedunculopontine nucleus
  3. Raphe nucleus
  4. Locus cereleus and Medial reticular area
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14
Q

Structure: Anterior surface includes pyramids, olives, and CNs (IX, X, XI, XII)

A

Medulla

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15
Q

Structure: Posterior surface includes inferior cerebellar peducnles and central canal

A

Medulla

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16
Q

Structure: Where corticospinal tracts travel

A

Pyramids

17
Q

Structure: Functions to influence cerebellar activity

A

Olives

18
Q

Structure: White fiber pathways

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

19
Q

3 Functions of the Medulla

A
  1. Contributes to control of eye and head movement
  2. Coordinate swallowing
  3. Helps regulate CV, respiratory, and visceral activity (CN X)
20
Q

Identify the Spinal Segment and List Defining Features

A

Inferior Medulla

Features:

  • Central Canal
  • Fasciculus Gracilis/Cuneatus
  • Nucleus Gracilis/Cuneatus
  • Medial Lemniscus
  • Pyramids
21
Q

Identify the Spinal Segment and List Defining Features

A

Upper Medulla

Features:

  • Fourth Ventricle
  • CN X
  • CN XII
  • Inferior Olivary Nucleus
22
Q

Identify the Spinal Segment and List Defining Features

A

Inferior Pons

Features:

  • CN VI
  • CN VII (travels posterior and wraps around)
  • CN VIII
23
Q

Identify the Spinal Segment and List Defining Features

A

Mid/Upper Pons

Features:

  • CN V
24
Q

Identify the Spinal Segment and List Defining Features

A

Lower Midbrain

Features:

  • Inferior Colliculus
  • Cerebral Aqueduct
  • Para-adqueductal Gray
  • CN IV Nuclei (only one that exits posterior)
25
Q

Identify the Spinal Segment and List Defining Features

A

Upper Midbrain

Features:

  • Superior Colliculus
  • Red Nucleus
  • CN III Nuclei
26
Q

3 Tracts Effected by an Anteriormedial Lesion in the Upper Medulla

A
  1. Corticospinal (contralateral motor deficits and UMN sx)
  2. Medial Leminiscus (contralateral conscious proprio/discrim touch deficits)
  3. Hypoglossal n. (ipsilateral tongue deviation)
27
Q

Term: Lesion to one side of the brainstem that effects CN III, CN VI, OR CN XII AND the nearby corticospinal tract

A

Alternating Hemiplegia

28
Q

Describe why alternating hemiplegia has its name

A

Pts. present with UMN sx on the opposite side of the lesion and LMN sx on the same side of the lesion

29
Q

Describe damage to which areas cause the UMN sx and which areas cause the LMN sx in alternating hemiplegia

A

Damage to the corticospinal tract causes contralateral UMN sx

Damage to the CN causes ipsilateral LMN sx

PTRS 852 - Neuro PT I Midterm (15 decks)

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